中老年人群肘、膝关节肌肉群运动能力的增龄性变化特征及性别差异

发布时间：2018-07-13 11:10

【摘要】：目的:探讨我国45岁至64岁中老年人肘关节和膝关节肌肉力量增龄性变化的特征,包括最大肌肉力量、肌肉爆发力、肌肉耐力的增龄性变化特征;以及同一年龄阶段男性和女性最大肌肉力量、肌肉爆发力、肌肉耐力的增龄性变化的对比与分析。以期对我国中老年人肘关节和膝关节肌肉运动能力方面的数据采集及统计提供依据。方法:在所有受试对象完全自愿的前提下,我们对总共246名45至64岁的中老年志愿者进行了肌肉力量及身体形态指标等数据的测量,其中男性120人,女性126人。采用课题组自主研发的数字化等长肌肉收缩功能检测系统,分别对男性志愿者及女性志愿者进行肌肉力量等长肌力测试,测试肌群包括左右肘关节屈肌及伸肌、左右膝关节屈肌及伸肌。测试内容包括最大肌力、爆发力、肌肉耐力的测试,同时采集受试者身体形态指标(包括体重、瘦体重、上臂围度及大腿围度)。我们对不同年龄段各肌肉群的运动能力数据进行了描述性统计分析、随年龄变化的趋势分析、各因子间的相关性及相关网络分析、方差分析及不同年龄段间的多重比较,最后基于PCA分析了影响各肌肉群运动能力的主要因素及其性别差异。结果:(1)基本描述性统计揭示所研究样本中中老年各男女性人群基本形态指标在各年龄区间段差异不大,纵跳摸高与立定跳远在最小年龄组和最大年龄组间的差异最大;肌肉力量普遍随年龄增大而降低,男性群体左右侧差别明显,女性左右侧差异不大,普遍男女性左侧膝关节伸肌变化幅度相对较大,男性左臂肘关节伸肌变化幅度大,45~49岁年龄段膝关节肌肉力量相对变化幅度最大,而肘关节肌群则在50~54岁年龄段;左侧膝关节伸肌爆发力相对最大,爆发力-时间曲线普遍上升趋势但在100ms呈现显著爆发力拐点且55岁之前变化幅度明显高于50岁之后,全程最大肌肉爆发力亦随年龄增大而下降,50~54岁区间有最大值,最大爆发力发生时间点受不同肌群影响较大,肘关节伸肌和膝关节屈肌相对稳定,男女性群体均在55岁存在较大起伏;肌肉耐力显示男女群体及左右两侧具有相似特征,普遍膝关节高于肘关节,伸肌大于屈肌,疲劳系数指标(MFI)显示左右两侧差异明显,女性肘关节肌群更易疲劳,且男女性群体均在60岁左右出现明显变化。(2)趋势变化结果显示:普遍男性群体肌肉力量高于女性群体,并随年龄增大而呈现先降后升的特征,相对于左侧在55岁前后存在相对较大变化,右侧增龄性变化节点稍有提前;肌肉爆发力均随年龄增大而逐步下降趋势,男性下降明显,男女性群体均膝关节相对变化幅度稍大,53岁的年龄节点最大肌肉爆发力出现时刻趋势差异大,膝关节伸肌在所有时间节点变化最为剧烈;肌肉耐力普遍膝关节高于肘关节,均年龄增加而下降,明显的年龄变化节点女性在55岁左右,男性稍晚约在57岁,此外左右侧差异主要体现在膝关节肌群。(3)相关性分析及相关性网络显示力量型指标间相关性极其显著(p0.001),最大爆发力出现时间普遍与200ms、250ms时刻对应的最大爆发力及全程最大爆发力显著相关(p0.01),疲劳系数在不同肌群左右侧相关性不同,相关性网络显示了右侧屈肌的肌肉力量与该侧肌群爆发力相关性更为明显,而伸肌的肌肉力量则与该侧爆发力相对更为明显。(4)单因素方差结果显示:女性群体在不同年龄段的差异性指标数量高于男性群体,伸肌高于屈肌,显著性差异多集中在最小最大年龄组间的比较,男性群体不同年龄段间各肌肉类群运动能力指标的差异性数量很少,显著性差异不明显(p0.1)。(5)PCA结果揭示了肌肉群爆发力相关指标是男女性群体双侧各肌肉类群的最主要影响因素,相应地也是最主要的解释因素,肘关节屈肌、膝关节肌肉类群还受相应疲劳系数的影响,爆发力相关指标中主要以200ms和250ms的最大爆发力指标及全程最大爆发力指标。结论:中老年人群肘关节、膝关节肌群的增龄性变化存在肌群差异和性别差异,左右侧发展不均的特点,且不同年龄段区间变化不一;各指标增龄性的趋势变化也存在性别差异,左右侧不同的一般特征,基本随年龄增大而呈现降低趋势,且普遍在55岁前后呈现明显变化特征;力量型指标相关性最强,肌肉力量在左右两侧及不同肌肉群的显著差异,右侧屈肌的肌肉力量与该侧肌群爆发力相关性更为明显,而伸肌的肌肉力量则与该侧爆发力相对更为明显;女性群体在不同年龄段的差异性指标数量高于男性群体,伸肌高于屈肌,50岁和55岁是女性膝关节伸肌发生显著性变化的重要年龄节点,200ms和250ms的最大爆发力及全程最大爆发力指标是男女性群体双侧各肌肉类群的最主要影响因素,相应地也是最主要的解释因素,其他则表现出性别差异、肘关节膝关节差异及左右侧差异的特点。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the age-related changes in muscle strength of the elbow and knee joint in Chinese aged 45 to 64 years old, including the characteristics of the maximum muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscular endurance, as well as the comparison and score of the maximum muscle strength, muscle explosive force and muscular endurance of male and female at the same age. In order to provide basis for data collection and statistics of elbow and knee muscle movement ability of middle and old people in China. Method: on the premise that all subjects were voluntarily, we measured data of muscle strength and body shape index of 246 middle-aged and old volunteers from 45 to 64 years old, of which 120 men were male. 126 women. Using the digital isometric muscle contraction function test system independently developed by the group, the muscle strength test of the male volunteers and the female volunteers was tested respectively. The muscle groups included the flexor and extensor of the left and right elbow joints, the flexor and extensor of the left and right knees. The test contents included the maximum muscle strength, explosive force, and muscle tolerance. Test the body shape of the subjects (including body weight, lean body weight, upper arm circumference and thigh circumference). We made a descriptive statistical analysis of the movement ability data of different age groups, the trend analysis with age, the correlation among the factors and the related network analysis, the analysis of variance and the age of different ages. The main factors and gender differences were analyzed based on PCA, and the results were as follows: (1) the basic descriptive statistics revealed that the basic morphological indexes of the middle-aged and old men and women in the study samples were not very different in each age range, and the height of the longitudinal jump and the standing jump were the minimum age group and the maximum. The difference between the age groups was the largest, the muscle strength generally decreased with the age, the left and right sides of the male group were obviously different, the left and right sides were not very different. The wide range of the left knee extensor of male and female was relatively large, the elbow joint extensor of the left arm of the male was large, and the relative changes of the muscle strength of the knee joint in the 45~49 age group were the largest. The elbow joint muscle group was at the age of 50~54 years; the explosive force of the left knee joint was the largest, the explosive force time curve was generally rising, but the maximum explosive force turning point in 100ms was significantly higher than that before the age of 55, and the maximum muscle burst force decreased with age, and the maximum value of the 50~54 year was the maximum. The time point of large explosive force is greatly influenced by different muscle groups, the extensor of the elbow joint and the flexor of the knee joint are relatively stable. The male and female groups all have big ups and downs at the age of 55. The muscular endurance shows that the male and female groups and the left and right sides have similar characteristics. The common knee joint is higher than the elbow joint and the extensor is larger than the flexor muscle. The index of fatigue coefficient (MFI) shows about two. The side difference is obvious, the female elbow muscle group is more susceptible to fatigue, and the male and female groups all have obvious changes around 60 years old. (2) the trend change results show that the common male group muscle strength is higher than the female group, and the characteristics of first descending and then rising with the age increase, compared with the left side before and after 55 years of age, there is a relatively large change, the right age of the right age The change node was slightly ahead of time; the muscle explosive force decreased gradually with age, and the male decreased obviously. The relative changes of the knee joint of male and female groups were slightly larger. The maximum muscle explosive force appeared at the age of 53 years, and the knee extensor was the most intense in all time nodes; the muscular endurance was common knee clearance. The age was higher than the elbow joint, the age increased and the age was 55 years old, the male was about 57 years old, and the difference between the left and right side was mainly in the knee muscle group. (3) the correlation analysis and the correlation network showed that the correlation between the strength type index was extremely significant (p0.001), the maximum explosive force appeared in general and 200ms The maximum explosive force corresponding to the 250ms moment and the maximum explosive force were significantly correlated (P0.01). The correlation of the fatigue coefficient was different in the left and right side of the muscle group. The correlation network showed that the muscle strength of the right flexor muscle was more obvious with the explosive force of the lateral muscle group, while the muscle strength of the extensor was more obvious than that of the lateral explosive force. (4) (4) The result of factor variance showed that the number of difference indexes in different age groups was higher than that of the male group, and the extensor was higher than the flexor muscle. The significant difference was mostly concentrated in the minimum age group. The difference in the number of exercise ability indexes between different age groups of male groups was little, and the significant difference was not obvious (P0.1). (5 The results of PCA revealed that the index of muscle group explosive force is the most important factor of the bilateral muscle groups in male and female groups, and it is also the most important factor of interpretation. The flexor of the elbow joint and the group of knee muscles are also affected by the corresponding fatigue coefficient, and the biggest explosive force index of the explosive force related to the explosive force is the maximum explosive force of 200ms and 250ms. Conclusion: the age-related changes of elbow and knee joint muscle groups in middle and old aged people have differences in muscle group and sex, the characteristics of uneven development of left and right side, and different ages in different ages; the trend of the age of each index also has gender differences, and the general characteristics of the left and right side are basically with age. The strong correlation between the strength index and the muscle strength in the left and right sides and the different muscle groups, the muscle strength of the right flexor muscle is more obvious than the explosive force of the lateral muscle group, while the muscle strength of the extensor muscle is more obvious than that of the 55 year old. The number of differences of the female group in different age groups was higher than that of the male group. The extensor muscle was higher than the flexor. 50 and 55 years old were the important age nodes of the female knee extensors. The maximum explosive force and the maximum explosive force index of 200ms and 250ms were the most important factors of the bilateral muscle groups in male and female groups. They are also the most important explanatory factors, while others show gender differences, elbow joint differences and left and right side differences.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.26

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