否定的自我谈话对高尔夫推杆表现的逆效应研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 17:41

【摘要】：我们都曾尝试过缓解自己的糟糕心情,或通过回忆美好的事情或憧憬愉快的未来。我们可能因此成功地摆脱坏情绪而拥有好心情,但是我们也会发现一种现象:越是努力摆脱糟糕情绪越是摆脱不掉。这种反意愿的结果,就是自我控制的逆效应。与逆效应有关的运动研究主要集中在:动作控制、表象、注意力集中和情绪抑制等方面。自我谈话作为提高运动表现的一个基本的心理技能和认知策略,本研究将探讨否定的自我谈话对高尔夫推杆表现的逆效应的研究。研究一以否定的句子-图片核证范式为基础,引入自我谈话,给被试呈现肯定或否定的自我谈话,一定的时间间隔后,呈现一张与自我谈话内容相关的图片,要求被试判定自我谈话的内容和图片所表达的意思是否一致。实验结果表明:(1)对反应时进行2(自我谈话组:肯定的和否定的)×2(句子和图片的关系:匹配和不匹配)重复测量方差分析的结果显示:句子类型和关系的主效应都极其显著。对于自我谈话的句子,不论是肯定的自我谈话还是否定的自我谈话,关系一致的判定显著地快于关系不一致的判定。这个结果表明,被试在加工否定自我谈话时是实际状态而非被否定状态被表征。(2)对正确率进行2(自我谈话组:肯定的和否定的)×2(句子和图片的关系:匹配和不匹配)重复测量方差分析的结果显示:句子类型的主效应和句子类型及关系的交互作用都极其显著。简单效应分析显示:在自我谈话为肯定句时,关系一致的正确率要高于关系不一致时;在自我谈话为否定句时,关系一致的正确率要低于关系不一致时。研究二要求被试忽略自我谈话的影响完成高尔夫推杆任务。被试被随机分为两组:肯定自我谈话组和否定自我谈话组。所有被试都要完成3组的推杆,每组共包括10次推杆,第一组推杆不使用自我谈话,后面两组推杆分别给予不同的自我谈话,然后测量球落点偏离球洞的距离。实验结果表明:(1)2(自我谈话指令:肯定的和否定的)×2(组块:基线值,自我谈话测量值)重复测量方差分析的结果显示:自我谈话指令和组块的主效应都极其显著,并出现了交互作用(2)简单效应分析显示:对于基线值,肯定自我谈话和否定自我谈话不存在显著差异;对于自我谈话测量值,肯定自我谈话和否定自我谈话组存在显著差异。(3)否定的自我谈话在对高尔夫推杆表现上的逆效应没有出现性别差异。(4)低水平的运动员相较于高水平的运动员更易出现反意愿的行为表现。总之,可以得出结论:(1)不论肯定句还是否定句,自我谈话内容和图片意思一致时,反应时间要快一些,说明否定自我谈话的加工是整体加工,即可以直接表征真实状态;(2)不论是实验室还是运动场景中,都出现了否定的自我谈话在高尔夫推杆表现上的逆效应。
[Abstract]:We've all tried to ease our bad mood, or by remembering good things or looking forward to a happy future. We may be in a good mood because of our success in getting rid of bad emotions, but we will also find that the harder we try to get rid of bad emotions, the more we can't get rid of them. The result of this anti-will is the counter effect of self-control. Motor studies related to inverse effects mainly focus on: motor control, representation, concentration and emotional suppression. As a basic psychological skill and cognitive strategy to improve sports performance, this study will explore the adverse effects of negative self-talk on golf putter performance. In the first study, based on the negative sentence-picture verification paradigm, self-talk was introduced to present positive or negative self-talk to the subjects. After a certain time interval, a picture related to the content of the self-talk was presented. The subjects were asked to determine whether the content of the self-talk was consistent with the meaning of the picture. The results showed that: (1) the results of variance analysis of repeated 2 (positive and negative) 脳 2 (relationship between sentence and picture: matching and mismatch) showed that the main effects of sentence types and relationships were extremely significant. For self-talk sentences, whether positive self-talk or negative self-talk, the judgment of relationship consistency is significantly faster than that of relationship inconsistency. The results show that The participants were represented by the actual state rather than the negated state when processing the negative self talk. (2) the correct rate was measured by 2 (positive and negative) 脳 2 (relationship between sentence and picture: match and mismatch). (2) repeat measurement of correct rate 2 (self-talk group: positive and negative) 脳 2 (relationship between sentence and picture: match and mismatch). The results of difference analysis show that the main effect of sentence type and the interaction of sentence type and relationship are extremely significant. The simple effect analysis shows that when self-talk is positive, the correct rate of relational consistency is higher than that of non-consistency, and when self-talk is negative, the correct rate of relational consistency is lower than that of relational inconsistency. The second study asked participants to ignore the influence of self-talk to complete the golf putt task. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: positive self talk group and negative self talk group. All subjects were required to complete three groups of putt, each group consisted of 10 puddles, the first group did not use self-talk, the latter two groups were given different self-talk, and then measured the distance from the ball to the hole. The results show that: (1) 2 (self talk instruction: positive and negative) 脳 2 (block: baseline value, self talk measurement) the results of variance analysis show that the main effect of self talk instruction and block is extremely significant. (2) simple effect analysis showed that there was no significant difference between positive self-talk and negative self-talk for baseline value, while for self-talk measurement, there was no significant difference between positive self-talk and negative self-talk. There were significant differences between positive self talk group and negative self talk group. (3) there was no gender difference between negative self talk and positive self talk on golf putter performance. (4) low level athletes were more likely than high level athletes. Act of counterintention. In short, it can be concluded that: (1) when the content of self-talk is consistent with the meaning of the picture, the reaction time is faster, whether positive or negative, indicating that the processing of negative self-talk is a whole process. That is to say, it can directly represent the real state; (2) both in the laboratory and in the sports scene, there is a negative inverse effect of self-talk on the performance of golf putt.
【学位授予单位】：武汉体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G804.8

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