中国跳水队重点队员运动损伤诊断及物理治疗方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 01:11

【摘要】：中国跳水有中国梦之队的美誉,梦之队向来是中国奥运会上的夺金大户,跳水运动属于难美型运动项目,运动员在比赛中完成一个高分高难度动作,需要运动员在平时的训练中不断磨练,直到打磨出完美且高效动作为止,超负荷和过度的训练难免会造成运动员伤病的积累;为了减少伤病的影响,在备战里约奥运会周期,国家组建身体功能训练团队,为中国跳水队重点队员保驾护航,通过对6名重点运动员进行FMS、SFMA、Y-Blance三项测试,评估出这6名运动员存在的运动风险,并对存在较高运动风险的4名队员进行专业的临床诊断,找出各自损伤机制,然后进行合理有效的物理治疗,经过8个月的治疗和训练,6名重点运动员运动风险明显下降,并在里约奥运会上取得优异的成绩。本文通过文献资料法、观察法、测量法、数理统计法等科学的研究方法,分析中国跳水队重点队员存在的运动风险和伤病情况,同时结合伤病情况归纳中国跳水队在备战期间运动风险评估的方法和物理治疗方法;研究和分析物理治疗体系,希望帮助更多的运动员加快伤病的恢复和减少运动损伤,并得出以下结论:4.1.1通过FMS测试、Y-Blance测试评估跳水队运动员产生运动损伤的风险大小,进而对产生损伤风险较大的队员再进行SFMA测试,进一步筛查评估找出高风险损伤部位和原因。针对评估结果显示:造成中国跳水队重点队员存在较高运动风险的主要因素包括胸椎灵活性较差、肩部中下束肌肩袖肌群肌肉力量较弱导致肩部不良姿态、臀肌较弱、大腿前群肌肉及髂胫束过紧增大膝关节负荷。4.1.2基于四名重点运动员运动损伤评估结果,再通过具体部位的运动损伤临床诊断方法进行诊断,找出四名运动员损伤的具体原因。其中三名队员存在肩关节的慢性损伤,损伤情况为肩峰撞击综合症、肩袖损伤以及盂唇损伤,另外一名队员为膝关节慢性损伤,损伤情况为髌骨疼痛综合症。4.1.3基于四名重点运动员存在的损伤部位及其损伤原因,进而采取有针对性的物理治疗手段进行治疗。本文把四名重点跳水运动员进行物理治疗分为三个阶段,分别为康复期、纠正期和强化期。康复期主要以手法治疗为主,缓解疼痛;纠正期以姿态纠正为主,强化动作模式,纠正不良姿态;强化期以功能性力量训练和稳定性训练为主,均衡弱侧肌肉力量,加强肩关节和膝关节的稳定性。
[Abstract]:Chinese diving has the reputation of the Chinese Dream team, which has always been the gold medalist in the Chinese Olympic Games. Diving is a difficult and beautiful sport, and the athletes have completed a high score and high difficulty movement in the competition. In order to reduce the impact of injuries, athletes are required to train continuously until they are polished out of perfect and efficient movements, and overloaded and overtrained will inevitably lead to the accumulation of injuries; in preparation for the Rio Olympic Games, The state has set up a body function training team to escort the key members of the Chinese diving team. By conducting three tests on six key athletes, the FMS-SFMA-Y-Blance test has been conducted to assess the sports risks of these six athletes. After 8 months of treatment and training of 6 key athletes, the risk of 6 key athletes was significantly decreased after the professional clinical diagnosis, finding out their injury mechanism, and then carrying out reasonable and effective physical therapy, after 8 months of treatment and training of 6 key athletes, and the results showed that, after 8 months of treatment and training, the risk of 6 key athletes was significantly decreased. And achieved excellent results in the Rio Olympics. Based on the methods of literature, observation, measurement, mathematical statistics and other scientific research methods, this paper analyzes the sports risks and injuries of the key players of the Chinese diving team. At the same time, combined with the injury situation, the paper summarizes the methods of sports risk assessment and physical therapy for the Chinese diving team during the preparation period, studies and analyzes the physical therapy system, hoping to help more athletes to speed up the recovery of injuries and reduce sports injuries. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: 4.1.1 through FMS test Y-Blance test to assess the risk of athletes in diving team sports injury, and then the injury risk of the members of the SFMA test, further screening and evaluation to find out the location and reasons of high risk injury. According to the evaluation results, the main factors that cause the high movement risk of the key members of the Chinese diving team include the poor flexibility of the thoracic vertebrae, the weak muscle strength of the rotator cuff muscle group of the middle and lower bundle muscles of the shoulder, the bad posture of the shoulder, and the weakness of the gluteal muscle. On the basis of the evaluation results of four key athletes' sports injury, the specific causes of the injury were found out by the clinical diagnosis method of the specific sports injury. Three of them had chronic injuries to the shoulder joint, including acromion impact syndrome, rotator cuff injury and pelvic and labial injury, and the other was a chronic knee injury. The injury condition of patellar pain syndrome .4.1.3 was based on the injury site of four key athletes and the cause of injury, and then targeted physical therapy was used to treat it. In this paper, four key divers were divided into three stages: rehabilitation, correction and reinforcement. During the rehabilitation period, the main treatment is manual therapy to relieve pain, the correction period is mainly to posture correction, to strengthen the movement mode, to correct the bad posture, and the strengthening period is mainly to functional strength training and stability training, so as to balance the weak side muscle strength. Strengthen the stability of the shoulder and knee joint.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.2

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