协调性训练对青少年男子运动员跨栏技术影响的研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 12:08

【摘要】：跨栏跑运动是当今世界主要的竞赛类项目之一，它的历史悠久而漫长。跨栏跑运动是一项具有很高锻炼身体价值的运动项目。同时，在高速的跨栏跑运动过程中，运动员需要不断地跨越障碍物，跨栏是当今世界田径运动中技术性较强，动作要求极其复杂的运动项目。在过去的很多年，我国田径运动水平一直落后于世界的先进水平，径赛类项目一直是我国的短板和弱点，在世界大赛中很少取得过突破。并且，我们黄种人在整个田径运动项目上也一直落后于外国。在2004年雅典奥运会跨栏项目的比赛过程中，刘翔的横空出世，在大家万众期待之下获得110栏冠军。从此，110米跨栏成了人们讨论的热点话题，毕竟它牵动着亿万中国人的心。刘翔打破跨栏项目世界记录之后，同时使得跨栏运动项目也得到了广大人民群众的喜爱，掀起了一股小高潮。跨栏运动是一项对身体要求、技术要求极高的运动，它要求人们的全身身体动作要协调配合，动作要一致连贯。在快速的跨栏跑过程中任何一点多余的动作都可能会影响你跨栏成绩。在世界激烈的跨栏跑比赛运动过程之中，要求运动员身体的各个部位，各个关节，各个动作都要连贯配合，包括身体的各项素质（速度、力量、耐力、柔韧、灵敏）以及身体的协调平衡能力，这几项素质是相互影响，相互抑制、互相作用。运动员不能忽视其中任何一项。然而，身体的协调性训练在这些身体素质的训练过程之中起着举足轻重，无可替代的作用。协调性运动是人的整个训练过程之中最基本的也是最重要的身体训练，对于运动员学习运动的各项技术起着无可替代的作用。它将关系到运动员良好竞技训练水平的呈现，以及跨栏项目成绩的提高。在激烈的跨栏跑运动竞赛当中，运动员要想取得比赛的优胜，必须在栏上要持有最大限度的水平向前速度，减少在竖直方向上的速度流失，将所有的速度集中在水平方向的速度上，使身体重心以最平稳的身体状态向前运行，避免身体重心忽高忽低，进而制约着运动员正常的跨栏速度。运动员在进行跨栏比赛和训练时，身体在栏上要始终保持平稳状态，上体要保持微前倾，两臂摆臂自然，摆动腿在通过栏架过程中要主动的前伸下压，起跨腿要以最快的速度提拉向前。总之，在栏上身体要始终以最快的速度、最具爆发力的力量和最平稳的身体重心状态通过，要想完成以上的动作要求规格，这对于任何一个跨栏项目运动员来说，身体的协调性训练在其中间起着重中之重的关键作用。青少年时期是身体的各项素质发展最好的黄金时期，在这个年龄阶段身体的各方面技能都处于快速上升时期，青少年的协调性训练也毫不例外。在这个年龄段身体的协调性甚至超过成年人。很多优秀的运动员到了成年之后，身体各方面都已成型，继续努力练习身体的协调性，运动成绩也很少有提高。并且，现在在很多跨栏专业的训练队，他们很少重视协调性训练对于跨栏技术提高的研究，他们只是在身体素质速度、力量、耐力等方面下功夫，而忽视了协调性训练这个最重要的环节，所以他们的成绩提得很慢。协调性训练对每一位跨栏运动员来说，都是不可忽视的训练内容，它能促使运动员在栏上保持身体重心的平稳，运动员只有在栏上保持很好的平衡感，才能保证以最快的速度过栏。本篇论文主要研究的是协调性训练对青少年男子运动员跨栏技术的影响，通过对运动员的协调性进行训练，使得运动技术得到相应的改善，从而为运动员夺取比赛优胜开创条件。我们要从青少年这一代开始，为我们国家以后的体育人才的选取打下基础，为我国的田径项目尽自己的一点微薄之力。本文是以淄博市淄川第一中学的15—17岁的男子跨栏运动员为实验对象，分为实验组和对照组，进行为期12周的训练。实验组是在对运动员传统训练的基础上加入了多种身体协调性的训练，对照组则是和往常一样的传统训练。实验结束后，对其进行技术测评，成绩对比，发现实验组与对照组在跨栏成绩和跨栏技术上都有所提高，但实验组提高的更加明显。研究结论和建议:运动员通过短短12周的身体协调性训练，实验组的运动员跨栏技术、运动成绩有明显的提高。这说明协调性训练对于青少年男子运动员跨栏技术的提高起着极其关键的作用。这就要求我们在今后的跨栏项目训练和练习中，，必须要加大身体动作的协调性训练，并且要把协调性训练加入到传统的训练过程之中，逐步地改善，逐步地适应新训练方式。我们一定要抓住青少年的这个黄金时期，不断地提高，不断创造奇迹，使我国的跨栏项目继续人才辈出。
[Abstract]:Hurdling is one of the main competitions in the world. Its history is long and long. Hurdling is a sport with high physical value. At the same time, in the high speed hurdle race, the athletes need to cross the obstacles constantly. The hurdles are more technical and dynamic in today's world track and field sports. In the past many years, our country's track and field level has been lagging behind the advanced level of the world. Track events have always been the short boards and weaknesses of our country, and few breakthroughs have been made in the world competitions. During the race of the Olympic Games hurdles, Liu Xiang was born and won the 110 hurdles. Since then, the 110 meter hurdles have become a hot topic of discussion. After all, it has touched hundreds of millions of Chinese people. After Liu Xiang broke the world record of the hurdles, it also made the hurdles Sports projects a large number of people. The love of the people has set off a small climax. The hurdles movement is a sport for the physical requirements and high technical requirements. It requires the coordination and consistency of the body's body movements. In the fast hurdle race, any extra movement can affect the hurdles in the world. In the course of running a race, each part of the body, every joint, and every movement should be combined together, including the qualities of the body (speed, strength, endurance, flexibility, sensitivity) and the balance of the body. These qualities are mutually reacting, mutual restraining and interacting. Athletes can not ignore any of them. However, the coordination training of the body plays an important and irreplaceable role in the training process of these physical qualities. The coordination movement is the most basic and most important body training in the whole process of human training. It plays an irreplaceable role in the skills of the athletes to learn sports. In the fierce hurdles competition, the athletes must hold the maximum horizontal forward speed, reduce the velocity loss in the vertical direction, and concentrate all the speed in the horizontal direction in the fierce hurdle race. On the other hand, the body's center of gravity is running in the most stable state of body, avoiding the body's center of gravity, which will restrict the normal hurdle speed of the athlete. In the hurdle race and training, the body should keep steady on the bar, the upper body should keep slightly forward, the arms swing the arm naturally, and the swinging leg is through the column. To take the active forward and downward pressure, lift the cross leg at the fastest speed. In a word, the body should always pass the fastest speed, the most explosive force and the most stable body center of gravity, and want to complete the above specifications. For any hurdler, the body's coordination training is in the field. Among them, the key role is to focus on the middle weight.
Adolescence is the best golden age for various qualities of the body. At this age, all aspects of the body's skills are in a period of rapid rise, and the coordination training for teenagers is no exception. In this age, the coordination of the body is even more than the adult. Many excellent athletes have come to adulthood and all aspects of their bodies. They are all formed, continue to work hard to practice the coordination of the body, and the performance is rarely improved. And now in many hurdles professional training teams, they seldom pay attention to the research on the improvement of hurdles. They are only working hard on the speed, strength, and endurance of the body, but ignore the most coordinated training. The important link, so their results are very slow. Coordination training for every hurdler is a training content that can not be ignored. It can encourage the athletes to maintain the balance of the center of gravity on the hurdles. The athletes only keep a good sense of balance on the hurdles, and can guarantee the fastest speed of passing the hurdles.
This paper mainly studies the influence of coordination training on the hurdles technology of young men and athletes. Through the training of the coordination of the athletes, the sports technology can be improved so that the athletes will win the winning conditions. We should start from this generation of young people and serve as the sports talents after our country. In this paper, the 15 - 17 year old male hurdler in Zichuan No. 1 middle school in Zibo was divided into experimental group and control group for 12 weeks. The experimental group was based on a variety of body associations on the basis of the traditional trainer training. When the control group was trained, the control group was the same traditional training as usual. After the experiment, the technical evaluation and comparison of the results showed that the experimental group and the control group had improved the hurdles and hurdles technology, but the experimental group improved more obviously.
Research conclusions and suggestions: athletes through 12 weeks of physical coordination training, the experimental group athletes hurdles technology, sports performance has a significant improvement. This shows that the coordination of training for young men athletes hurdles improvement plays an extremely key role. This requires us to train and practice in the hurdles in the future. In the middle, we must strengthen the coordination training of the body movement, and add the coordination training into the traditional training process, gradually improve, and gradually adapt to the new training mode. We must seize this golden age of young people, constantly improve and create miracles, so that the hurdles project of our country will continue to come forth in large numbers.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G822.6

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