儿童青少年游泳运动员高原训练心脏功能变化研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 11:31

【摘要】：目的:研究儿童青少年游泳运动员高原训练心脏功能低氧应答反应和适应性变化规律,并进行AMS评估和HAPE早期症状问诊,结合分析高原乳酸阈强度训练对运动员心脏功能以及血清cTnI、NT-proBNP含量的影响,探讨儿童青少年游泳运动员基础训练阶段高原训练的可行性。方法:以11周岁基础训练阶段的低年龄组游泳运动员和14周岁高年龄组游泳运动员各9名为研究对象,在青海多巴进行2周的高原训练。于高原第1天进行AMS评估和HAPE早期症状问诊。高原前、高原第1、14天和高原后第7天采用多普勒心超评估心脏功能。高原第11天评估乳酸阈强度训练对运动员心脏功能以及血清cTnI、NT-proBNP含量的影响。结果:1)高原第1天低年龄组运动员2人(22.2%)出现轻度AMS,所有运动员均未出现HAPE临床症状。2)高原前,两组运动员HR、PASP、CO、EF、FS和RV-Tei无显著差异,低年龄组EDV、SV显著低于高年龄组(EDV:86.73±12.23 vs.91.11±17.54,P0.05;SV:56.34±9.89 vs.61.74±13.77,P0.05)。高原第1天,运动员HR、PASP显著升高,低年龄组显著高于高年龄组(HR:82.76±14.24 vs.75.28±14.87,P0.05;PASP:20.61±4.79 vs.19.41±4.69,P0.05);SV显著减少而CO显著增加,低年龄组显著低于高年龄组(CO:4.41±1.16 vs.4.91±1.47,P0.05;SV:47.89±12.11 vs.57.81±9.17,P0.05);EF、FS显著增加,组间比较无显著差异。高原第14天,运动员CO、PASP恢复高原前水平,HR、EF和FS显著高于高原前,各指标组间比较无显著差异;SV低于高原前水平,低年龄组显著低于高年龄组(51.84±10.93 vs.58.5±9.39,P0.05)。高原后第7天,运动员HR、SV恢复高原前水平,EF、FS持续高于高原前,各指标组间比较无显著差异。高原前、后两组运动员RV-Tei均未发生显著变化。3)训练前安静状态,两组运动员HR、PASP、CO、EF、E/A、RV-Tei和血液指标无显著差异。训练后即刻,运动员HR、PASP显著升高,低年龄组显著高于高年龄组(HR:135±13.46 vs.128±15.37,P0.05;PASP:21.4±4.81 vs.19.74±5.78,P0.05);CO增加而EF、E/A降低,各指标组间比较无显著差异。训练后6 h以上各指标均恢复训练前水平。训练前、后运动员RV-Tei未发生显著变化。4)血清cTnI于训练后4 h显著增加,训练后24 h恢复训练前水平,各测试点组间比较无显著差异。血清NT-proBNP于训练后即刻显著升高,训练后24 h持续高值,各测试点组间比较无显著差异。训练后即刻运动员血清NT-proBNP同PASP呈显著正相关(R=0.49,P0.05),血清cTnI同EF相关性不显著。结论:1)基础训练阶段的低年龄组游泳运动员心脏功能低氧应答反应强于高年龄组,但低氧适应性变化规律同高年龄组一致,2周高原训练可提高其心脏功能。2)在高原进行乳酸阈强度训练并未对基础训练阶段的儿童青少年游泳运动员心脏功能造成不利影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the hypoxic response and adaptability of children and adolescent swimmers at high altitude training, and to carry out AMS assessment and HAPE early symptom examination, and to analyze the influence of plateau lactic acid threshold intensity training on cardiac function and serum cTnI and NT-proBNP content in the athletes, and to explore the base of children and young swimmers. The feasibility of plateau training at the basic training stage. Methods: 9 swimmers and 14 year old swimmers in the basic training stage of 11 years old were studied for 2 weeks of high altitude training in Qinghai dopa. In first days of the plateau, the assessment of the symptoms of HAPE and the symptoms of the early stage were conducted. Before the plateau, the altitude and height of the plateau were 1,14 and high. Seventh days after the first seventh days, the heart function was evaluated by Doppler's heart. The effect of lactic acid threshold intensity training on the cardiac function and serum NT-proBNP content of the athletes was evaluated at eleventh days. Results: 1) 2 people (22.2%) had mild AMS in the low age group at the plateau, and all the athletes had no HAPE clinical symptoms.2) and two groups of sports before the plateau. There were no significant differences in HR, PASP, CO, EF, FS and RV-Tei. EDV in the low age group was significantly lower than that in the high age group (EDV:86.73 + 12.23 vs.91.11 + 17.54, P0.05; SV:56.34 9.89 + 13.77). The athletes were significantly higher in the first days of the plateau, and the lower age group was significantly higher than that of the high age group. Vs.19.41 + 4.69, P0.05), SV significantly decreased and CO significantly increased, the low age group was significantly lower than the high age group (CO:4.41 1.16 vs.4.91 + 1.47, P0.05; SV:47.89 + 12.11 vs.57.81 + 9.17, P0.05); EF, FS significantly increased, there was no significant difference between the groups. 14 days, Gao Yuandi was mobilized to restore the level before the plateau. There was no significant difference between the index groups; SV was lower than the level before the plateau, the low age group was significantly lower than the high age group (51.84 + 10.93 vs.58.5 + 9.39, P0.05). Seventh days after the plateau, the athletes were HR, SV restored before the plateau, EF, FS continued to be higher than the plateau, and there was no significant difference between the index groups. Before the plateau, the two groups of athletes did not have significant RV-Tei. Change.3) before training, there was no significant difference between the two groups of athletes HR, PASP, CO, EF, E/A, RV-Tei and blood. The athletes' HR, PASP significantly increased immediately after training, and the low age group was significantly higher than the high age group (HR:135 + 13.46 vs.128 + 15.37, P0.05; 5.78, 4.81). There was no significant difference between 6 h after training after training. Before training, there was no significant change in RV-Tei before training.4) serum cTnI was significantly increased after training. After training, the level of 24 h was restored before training, and there was no significant difference between the test points group. Serum NT-proBNP was significantly increased after training and 24 h after training. After training, there was no significant difference between the test points. The serum NT-proBNP and PASP showed significant positive correlation (R=0.49, P0.05) after training. The correlation between serum cTnI and EF was not significant. Conclusion: 1) low age group swimmers' hypoxic response to hypoxia in the basic training stage was stronger than the high age group, but the adaptability of hypoxia was changed. In the same age group, 2 weeks of high altitude training could improve the cardiac function of.2). The threshold intensity training at the plateau did not have a negative effect on the heart function of children and teenage swimmers at the basic training stage.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学;北京体育大学;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2015ZD001)
【分类号】：G861.1

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