2014年全国室内田径锦标赛前七名女子背越式跳高起跳动作运动学分析

发布时间：2018-07-25 10:48

【摘要】：研究目的:本文是采用运动生物力学的研究方法,分析此次室内田径锦标赛女子跳高决赛的前七名背越式,揭示其技术动作的特点,探讨影响其成绩的因素,为之后的运动训练提供理论依据。研究对象与方法:本文以七名现役背越式跳高运动员为研究对象,通过大量阅读文献资料,了解起跳阶段重要的运动学指标,并设计研究方案。具体为(1)三维拍摄、采集数据;(2)视讯软件,解析数据;(3)数理统计,分析数据;(4)分析讨论,得出结果。研究结果与分析:1.本研究中七名女子跳高运动员在速度方面均比世界优秀队员差,主要表现为水平速度利用率低,垂直速度增加值较小。2.本研究中起跳阶段起跳腿着地送髋过于积极,下肢三关节蹬伸动作的幅度小,同时摆动腿的髋、膝关节的摆动幅度也较小,而且这些指标值均低于世界优秀水平。3.本实验中女子运动员起跳时间略长,起跳的蹬伸/缓冲比值较高。4.本实验中女子运动员躯干内倾角也远小于世界优秀运动员的水平,重心的腾起角过大,导致不能充分利用弧线助跑带来的转动动能。研究结论:1、在本研究中七名背越式跳高起跳总时间较短,不足以满足身体在起跳阶段做蹬伸动作的时间要求,各个阶段时间分布比例不合理,不利于运动员获取较好成绩。2、本研究中背越式女子跳高运动员在起跳阶段,身体姿势不稳定,表现为身体重心起伏较大。重心不能平稳移动,意味着身体在做多余的动作,导致水平方向能量有所损失,进而导致速度减小,不利获得较好的成绩。3、与世界优秀的女子跳高运动员相比,本研究中七名运动员在起跳阶段身体姿势变化幅度小,主要表现为下肢各关节角度变化不合理,变化程度不够,导致身体姿势不正确,进而影响跳高成绩。4、跳高运动员起跳阶段如果身体过早倒向横杆,不利于身体以较好的角度跃过横杆。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to analyze the top seven back style of the women's high jump final in the indoor track and field championships by using the research method of sports biomechanics, to reveal the characteristics of its technical movements, and to explore the factors that affect its performance. To provide the theoretical basis for the later sports training. Research object and method: this paper takes seven active back Vietnamese high jumpers as the research objects, through reading a lot of literature, to understand the important kinematics index in the take-off stage, and to design the research scheme. The main contents are as follows: (1) 3D shooting, data acquisition; (2) video software, analysis of data; (3) mathematical statistics, analysis of data; (4) analysis and discussion; Research results and Analysis: 1. In this study, seven female high jumpers are worse than the world's top athletes in terms of speed, mainly for the low utilization rate of horizontal speed, and the increase value of vertical velocity is small. In this study, the take-off leg was too active to send the hip, the range of the three-joint extension of the lower limbs was small, and the swing amplitude of the hip and knee joint of the swinging leg was also small, and these index values were lower than that of the world excellent level .3. In this experiment, the take-off time of female athletes is a little longer, and the ratio of pedal extension / buffer is higher. 4. In this experiment, the torso inclination of female athletes is also much smaller than that of the world's elite athletes, and the rising angle of the center of gravity is too large, which leads to the failure to make full use of the rotational kinetic energy brought by the arc run-up. Conclusion: 1, in this study, the total time of the take-off of the seven back jumpers is relatively short, which is not enough to meet the time requirement of the body in the take-off phase, and the distribution of the time in each stage is not reasonable. It is not good for athletes to get better results. In this study, the body posture of female jumpers in the take-off stage is unstable and the body center of gravity fluctuates greatly. The inability of the center of gravity to move smoothly means that the body is doing redundant movements, resulting in a loss of energy in the horizontal direction, which in turn results in a decrease in speed and a negative result in getting a better score of .3. compared with the world's best women's high jumpers, In this study, seven athletes in the take-off phase of the body posture change range is small, mainly for the lower extremity joint angle change is unreasonable, the change degree is not enough, resulting in the body posture is not correct, And then affect the high jump score. 4, the high jumper jump stage if the body is too early to reverse to the crossbar, is not conducive to the body with a better angle across the crossbar.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G823.1

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