武术运动员注意特征的事件相关电位研究
发布时间：2018-07-29 14:44
【摘要】：研究目的:注意是运动员掌握技能的重要前提,运动员在比赛或训练过程中,对赛场环境的判断,对运动技能的掌握都离不开注意。不同项目运动员的注意特征具有一定的差异性。本研究通过观察武术套路和武术散打项目运动员的注意特征及ERP的变化,以期进一步揭示武术运动员注意特征的内在神经机制。进而为武术运动员选材和武术运动的科学化训练提供科学依据。研究对象与方法:研究对象分为三组,分别为:上海体育学院武术套路运动员(38人)、武术散打运动员(37人)和非体育项目普通大学生(27人)。要求运动员均具有五年以上系统的武术运动训练年限、二级以上运动水平;普通大学生则要求无任何运动项目的运动水平等级证书,且不曾参与系统的运动训练。研究分为三部分:第一部分,统一填写注意力测量量表,测量指标为:注意广度、注意稳定性、注意转移和注意分配;第二部分:通过E-Prime程序,进行行为测量实验,指标为反应时和正误率;第三部分:通过E-Prime程序和脑电采集系统,进行ERP实验,指标为反应时、正误率、波幅和潜伏期。研究结果:1.一般注意特征三组间在注意广度和注意稳定两指标不存在显著差异;注意转移具有显著性差异(P0.05);注意分配具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);其中,注意分配:散打组和套路组呈显著性差异(P0.05),散打组和对照组呈非常显著性差异(P0.01),套路组和对照组呈非常显著性差异(P0.01)。2.选择性注意的行为测试结果(1)内源性注意行为特征三组受试者在有效刺激条件下的反应速度均优于无效刺激,但差异不具有显著性(P0.05)。在有效刺激条件下,三组的反应时具有显著性差异(P0.05),具体表现为:散打组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);套路组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);套路组优于散打组,但差异不具显著性(P0.05)。在无效刺激条件下三组的反应时具有非常显著性差异(P0.01),具体表现为:散打组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);套路组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);散打组优于套路组,但差异不具显著性(P0.05)。三组运动员的反应速度均随着SOA的延长而加快,在SOA为500ms时呈现显著性差异(P0.05),套路组的反应速度最快,其次是散打组,对照组的反应速度最慢。(2)外源性注意行为特征三组受试者在有效刺激条件下的反应速度均优于无效刺激,但差异不具有显著性(P0.05)。在有效刺激条件下,三组的反应时具有显著性差异(P0.05),具体表现为:散打组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);套路组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);散打组优于套路组,但差异不具显著性(P0.05)。在无效刺激条件下三组的反应时具有非常显著性差异(P0.01),具体表现为:散打组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);套路组优于对照组,具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);散打组优于套路组,但差异不具显著性(P0.05)。各组在SOA为300ms时均出现了抑制效应,其反应速度慢于其他条件。此后,各组的反应速度随着SOA的延长而加快,在SOA为800ms时呈现显著性差异(P0.05),散打组反应速度最快,其次是套路组,对照组反应速度最慢。3.选择性注意的ERP变化散打组和套路组在ERP实验中在顶叶诱发了N1成分和在顶叶及顶枕叶诱发了N2成分,对照组未能诱发N1成分,但在顶叶及顶枕叶诱发了较为明显的N2成分,PZ、P2、P7、P8、POz、PO4、PO7等电极显示组别主效应和时间主效应具有显著性差异。将波形做叠加处理后,散打组诱发的N2波幅明显高于对照组和套路组。结论:1.基于武术散打格斗对抗类的项目特征以及武术特有的技击性,常年的武术运动训练在一定程度上可以改善运动员一般注意特征的注意分配能力和注意转移能力,但对注意的稳定性和注意广度没有明显的影响。2.武术散打运动员选择性注意的信息加工和搜索策略均优于套路组和对照组,在无效刺激条件下,散打运动员可以快速调动更多的注意资源,视觉注意的转移速度更快。3.散打运动员和套路运动员在外源性注意搜索范式条件下诱发了较为明显的N2成分,在SOA为500ms和800ms时诱发的N2成分尤为显著。
[Abstract]:Research purpose: attention is an important prerequisite for athletes to master skills. In the process of competition or training, the athletes' judgment of the field environment and the mastery of sports skills can not be ignored. The attention characteristics of different sports athletes have certain differences. This study is to observe the athletes' attention by observing Wushu routines and Wushu Sanda projects. Characteristics and the changes of ERP, in order to further reveal the intrinsic neural mechanism of the characteristics of Wushu athletes, and then provide scientific basis for the selection of Wushu athletes and the scientific training of Wushu. Research objects and methods are divided into three groups: the Wushu Routine Athletes of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education (38 people), Wushu Sanda Athletes (37 people) and non sports ordinary college students (27). The athletes are required to have more than five years of martial arts training years and more than two levels of sports; ordinary college students are required to have no sports level certificate of sports level, and do not participate in systematic exercise training. The study is divided into three parts: the first part, the unified fill. Write attention measurement scale: attention span, attention to stability, attention transfer and attention distribution; the second part: through the E-Prime program, conduct behavior measurement experiments, the index is the reaction time and the error rate; the third part: through the E-Prime program and the EEG acquisition system, the ERP experiment, the index for the response, positive error rate, amplitude and potential The results of the study: 1. there was no significant difference between the three groups of attention characteristics between the attention span and the attention stability two indexes; attention transfer had significant difference (P0.05); attention allocation was very significant difference (P0.01); attention allocation was significant difference (P0.05) in the Sanda group and the set group, and the Sanda group and the control group were very significant. The difference (P0.01), the group and the control group were significantly different (P0.01).2. selective attention behavior test results (1) endogenous attention behavior characteristics of three groups of subjects under the effective stimulus conditions were better than the invalid stimulus, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). Under the effective stimulus conditions, the three groups of reaction time There were significant differences (P0.05). The specific performance was that the Sanda group was superior to the control group (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group and had a very significant difference (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the Sanda group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The three groups had very significant differences (P0.01) under the conditions of non effective stimulation (P0.01). The body performance was as follows: the Sanda group was superior to the control group (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group (P0.01), and the Sanda group was superior to the routine group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The reaction speed of the three groups was accelerated with the extension of SOA, and there was a significant difference (P0.05) when SOA was 500ms. The reaction speed of the group was the fastest, followed by the Sanda group, and the control group had the slowest reaction speed. (2) the response speed of the three groups was better than that of the invalid stimulus, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The response of the three groups had significant difference (P0.05) under the effective stimulus. The body performance was as follows: the Sanda group was superior to the control group (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group and had a very significant difference (P0.01); the Sanda group was superior to the routine group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The response of the three groups was very significant (P0.01) under the condition of ineffective stimulation (P0.01), and the specific performance was that the Sanda group was superior to that of the Sanda group. The control group had a very significant difference (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group (P0.01), and the Sanda group was better than the routine group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). Each group had a inhibition effect when SOA was 300ms, and the reaction speed was slower than the other conditions. Then the reaction speed of each group was accelerated with the prolongation of SOA. When SOA was 800ms, there was a significant difference (P0.05). The reaction rate of the Sanda group was the fastest, followed by the routine group. The ERP change group and the routine group of the control group, which had the slowest reaction speed,.3. selective attention, induced the N1 components in the parietal lobe and the top and top occipital leaves in the ERP experiment. The control group failed to induce the N1 component, but in the parietal lobe. And the top occipital leaf induced more obvious N2 components, PZ, P2, P7, P8, POz, PO4, PO7 and other electrodes showed significant difference in the main effect and the time main effect. After the superposition of the waveform, the N2 wave amplitude induced by the Sanda group was obviously higher than that of the control group and the routine group. 1. There are some craftsmanship and perennial martial arts training can improve the attention distribution and attention transfer ability of the athletes' attention characteristic to a certain extent, but there is no obvious influence on the attention stability and attention span. The information processing and search strategies of the.2. Wushu Sanda Athletes' selective attention are superior to the routine group and the control group. Under the condition of ineffective stimulation, the Sanda athletes can quickly mobilize more attention resources, the speed of visual attention is faster, the.3. Sanda athletes and the routines can induce more obvious N2 components under the exogenous attention search paradigm, and the N2 components induced by SOA as 500ms and 800ms are particularly significant.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852
本文编号：2153007
[Abstract]:Research purpose: attention is an important prerequisite for athletes to master skills. In the process of competition or training, the athletes' judgment of the field environment and the mastery of sports skills can not be ignored. The attention characteristics of different sports athletes have certain differences. This study is to observe the athletes' attention by observing Wushu routines and Wushu Sanda projects. Characteristics and the changes of ERP, in order to further reveal the intrinsic neural mechanism of the characteristics of Wushu athletes, and then provide scientific basis for the selection of Wushu athletes and the scientific training of Wushu. Research objects and methods are divided into three groups: the Wushu Routine Athletes of Shanghai Institute of Physical Education (38 people), Wushu Sanda Athletes (37 people) and non sports ordinary college students (27). The athletes are required to have more than five years of martial arts training years and more than two levels of sports; ordinary college students are required to have no sports level certificate of sports level, and do not participate in systematic exercise training. The study is divided into three parts: the first part, the unified fill. Write attention measurement scale: attention span, attention to stability, attention transfer and attention distribution; the second part: through the E-Prime program, conduct behavior measurement experiments, the index is the reaction time and the error rate; the third part: through the E-Prime program and the EEG acquisition system, the ERP experiment, the index for the response, positive error rate, amplitude and potential The results of the study: 1. there was no significant difference between the three groups of attention characteristics between the attention span and the attention stability two indexes; attention transfer had significant difference (P0.05); attention allocation was very significant difference (P0.01); attention allocation was significant difference (P0.05) in the Sanda group and the set group, and the Sanda group and the control group were very significant. The difference (P0.01), the group and the control group were significantly different (P0.01).2. selective attention behavior test results (1) endogenous attention behavior characteristics of three groups of subjects under the effective stimulus conditions were better than the invalid stimulus, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). Under the effective stimulus conditions, the three groups of reaction time There were significant differences (P0.05). The specific performance was that the Sanda group was superior to the control group (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group and had a very significant difference (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the Sanda group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The three groups had very significant differences (P0.01) under the conditions of non effective stimulation (P0.01). The body performance was as follows: the Sanda group was superior to the control group (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group (P0.01), and the Sanda group was superior to the routine group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The reaction speed of the three groups was accelerated with the extension of SOA, and there was a significant difference (P0.05) when SOA was 500ms. The reaction speed of the group was the fastest, followed by the Sanda group, and the control group had the slowest reaction speed. (2) the response speed of the three groups was better than that of the invalid stimulus, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The response of the three groups had significant difference (P0.05) under the effective stimulus. The body performance was as follows: the Sanda group was superior to the control group (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group and had a very significant difference (P0.01); the Sanda group was superior to the routine group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). The response of the three groups was very significant (P0.01) under the condition of ineffective stimulation (P0.01), and the specific performance was that the Sanda group was superior to that of the Sanda group. The control group had a very significant difference (P0.01); the routine group was superior to the control group (P0.01), and the Sanda group was better than the routine group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05). Each group had a inhibition effect when SOA was 300ms, and the reaction speed was slower than the other conditions. Then the reaction speed of each group was accelerated with the prolongation of SOA. When SOA was 800ms, there was a significant difference (P0.05). The reaction rate of the Sanda group was the fastest, followed by the routine group. The ERP change group and the routine group of the control group, which had the slowest reaction speed,.3. selective attention, induced the N1 components in the parietal lobe and the top and top occipital leaves in the ERP experiment. The control group failed to induce the N1 component, but in the parietal lobe. And the top occipital leaf induced more obvious N2 components, PZ, P2, P7, P8, POz, PO4, PO7 and other electrodes showed significant difference in the main effect and the time main effect. After the superposition of the waveform, the N2 wave amplitude induced by the Sanda group was obviously higher than that of the control group and the routine group. 1. There are some craftsmanship and perennial martial arts training can improve the attention distribution and attention transfer ability of the athletes' attention characteristic to a certain extent, but there is no obvious influence on the attention stability and attention span. The information processing and search strategies of the.2. Wushu Sanda Athletes' selective attention are superior to the routine group and the control group. Under the condition of ineffective stimulation, the Sanda athletes can quickly mobilize more attention resources, the speed of visual attention is faster, the.3. Sanda athletes and the routines can induce more obvious N2 components under the exogenous attention search paradigm, and the N2 components induced by SOA as 500ms and 800ms are particularly significant.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G852
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