乒乓球运动员肩胛骨功能障碍的特征与康复方法研究

发布时间：2018-07-30 07:39

【摘要】：研究目的:乒乓球运动是我国奥运重点夺金项目,肩关节的运用频率高,损伤多见。本研究旨在通过对乒乓球运动员的肩胛骨功能和胸椎灵活性以及正手弧圈球技术的动力学特征进行测试,了解肌肉发力顺序和运动员肩胛骨功能障碍的特点,探寻肩胛骨稳定性和胸椎灵活性训练对改善其肩胛骨功能障碍的效果。为乒乓球运动员肩部损伤的预防提供理论依据。研究方法:选取30名北京体育大学竞技体育学院乒乓球专项学生作为受试者,根据有无肩胛骨功能障碍分为功能正常组(10人)和功能障碍组(20人)。功能障碍组随机分为肩组(10人)和肩胸组(10人),所有受试者进行肩胛骨功能障碍特征与动力学测试,肩胸组受试者进行6周的肩胛骨稳定性与胸椎灵活性干预,肩组只进行肩胛骨稳定性干预,干预结束后再次进行测试。结果:与功能正常组相比,功能障碍组受试者两侧肩胛骨平衡角之差偏大(p0.05),双侧肩关节本体感觉ATE值显著偏高(p0.01),LSST测试所有位置结果较高(p0.05或p0.01),持拍侧手臂支撑时Y Balance测试结果偏低(p0.05),双侧胸椎旋转活动度之差偏大(p0.01),力量测试结果明显偏高但击球速度慢(p0.05),拉正手弧圈球时斜方肌下束与胸大肌激活延迟;经过6周干预训练,受试者自身平衡角差值与本体感觉ATE值明显降低(p0.01),肩组LSST测试位置二、位置三结果与肩胸组LSST测试位置二结果均明显降低(p0.05),肩胸组双侧Y Balance测试结果增加更为明显(p0.05),肩胸组持拍侧胸椎旋转活动度与双侧活动度之差明显增加(p0.01),ECC/CON值降低,拉正手弧圈球速度明显提高且肩胸组提高更为明显(p0.05),肩胸组的肌肉发力顺序与功能正常组非常接近,肩组肱二头肌激活较早。结论:(1)存在肩胛骨功能障碍的乒乓球运动员的肩胛骨位置不对称,胸椎灵活度不足;肩关节的稳定性和本体感觉下降,肌肉工作的协调性不足;肩部肌肉激活顺序与拉正手弧圈球击球动作的要求不符。(2)对肩关节的干预能够明显改善肩胛骨的位置及其功能并提高运动表现。肩关节结合胸椎灵活性的干预对受试者的肩部功能的改善更为明显,肌肉发力顺序也更符合动作技术要求。
[Abstract]:Objective: table tennis is an important Olympic gold-winning event in China. The purpose of this study was to test the scapular function of table tennis players, the flexibility of thoracic vertebrae and the dynamic characteristics of forehand arc ball technique, and to understand the order of muscle exertion and the characteristics of scapular dysfunction of athletes. To explore the effect of scapular stability and thoracic flexibility training on improving scapular dysfunction. To provide theoretical basis for the prevention of shoulder injury of table tennis players. Methods: thirty ping-pong students from Beijing Sports University were divided into normal group (10 cases) and dysfunctional group (20 cases) according to whether they had scapular dysfunction or not. The functional disorder group was randomly divided into shoulder group (n = 10) and shoulder chest group (n = 10). The characteristics and dynamics of scapular dysfunction were measured in all subjects. Scapular stability intervention was performed only in the shoulder group and tested again after the intervention. Results: compared with normal functional group, In the dysfunctional group, the difference of shoulder scapular balance angle was larger (p0. 05), the ATE value of bilateral shoulder proprioceptive sensation was significantly higher (p0. 01) and the results of all positions were higher (p0. 05 or p0. 01). The results of Y Balance test were lower (p0. 05), and the results of bilateral chest were lower (p0. 05). The difference of vertebral rotation activity was larger (p0.01), the result of strength test was obviously higher but the speed of hitting was slow (p0.05), the activation of inferior trapezius muscle and pectoralis major was delayed when pulling forehand arc ball. After 6 weeks of intervention, the difference between self balance angle and proprioceptive ATE was significantly decreased (p0.01). The LSST test position of shoulder group was 2. The results of position 3 and position 2 of LSST test in the shoulder chest group were significantly lower than those in the shoulder chest group (p0 05), and the Y Balance test results in the shoulder chest group were more obvious than those in the shoulder chest group (p 0. 05). The difference between the rotation activity and the bilateral motion of the clacket-side thoracic vertebrae in the shoulder chest group was significantly increased (p 0. 01) and the value of Ecc / Con was decreased. The arcing speed of forehand was increased obviously, and that of shoulder chest group was more obvious (p0.05). The sequence of muscle power in shoulder chest group was very close to that in normal group, and the biceps brachii muscle was activated earlier in shoulder group. Conclusion: (1) the scapular position of table tennis players with scapular dysfunction is not symmetrical, the flexibility of thoracic vertebrae is not enough, the stability and proprioceptive sensation of shoulder joint is decreased, and the coordination of muscle work is insufficient. The activation sequence of shoulder muscles was not in accordance with the requirements of arc ball stroke of forehand. (2) intervention in shoulder joint could significantly improve the position and function of scapula and improve motor performance. The shoulder joint combined with the intervention of thoracic vertebrae flexibility improved the shoulder function more obviously, and the order of muscle exertion was more in line with the requirements of motion technique.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G846

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