世居高原中长跑运动员“高原-亚高原-平原”和“高原-平原”训练模式的对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-05 11:02

【摘要】：目的:探索并比较"高原-亚高原-平原"和"高原-平原"两种过渡训练模式对世居高原的中长跑藏族运动员有氧能力和心肺功能影响。方法:将甘孜藏族自治州重点业余体校20名藏族男子中长跑运动员随机分为两组(实验组10名和对照组10名),实验组进行"高原1周-亚高原2周-平原1周"过渡训练,对照组进行"高原3周-平原1周"传统的过渡训练。训练结束后,分别在高原(四川康定)、亚高原(四川泸定)、平原(四川成都)进行12min跑测试,测定运动员的最大摄氧量(VO2max)、运动后心率、运动后血氧饱和度、运动后血乳酸和运动后尿蛋白等,并在安静状态下测定运动员血清CK-MB、EPO、HIF-α和血睾酮等生理指标。结果:(1)两组世居高原藏族中长跑运动员在训练后12min跑的测试成绩、最大摄氧量、运动后心率、运动后血氧饱和度、运动后血乳酸、运动后尿蛋白、血清CK-MB、EPO、HIF-α和血睾酮从高原到平原均呈上升趋势,各项指标皆存在显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,实验组运动员进行"高原-亚高原-平原"过渡训练后,12min跑的测试成绩、最大摄氧量、运动后心率明显升高(P0.05),同时安静状态下的血清CK-MB、HIF-α和血睾酮增加更明显,并有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:"高原-亚高原-平原"过渡训练这一训练模式较传统的高原训练模式对于提高世居高原的中长跑运动员心肺功能的适应能力有着较好促进作用,有利于世居高原中长跑运动员更快更好的适应从高原到平原的海拔落差,有助于运动员训练时运动强度的提升和成绩的提高。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore and compare the effects of "plateau-sub-plateau-plain" and "plateau-plain" on aerobic capacity and cardiopulmonary function of Tibetan athletes living in plateau. Methods: twenty Tibetan male middle and long distance runners from key amateur sports school of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were randomly divided into two groups (10 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group). The experimental group received the transition training of "1 week of plateau to 2 weeks of subplateau to 1 week of plain". The control group received the traditional transition training from 3 weeks to 1 week in the plateau. After the training, the 12min running tests were carried out at the plateau (Kangding, Sichuan), the subplateau (Luding, Sichuan) and the plain (Chengdu, Sichuan), respectively. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), the heart rate after exercise and the saturation of blood oxygen after exercise were measured. Blood lactic acid and urine protein were measured after exercise, and the physiological indexes such as serum CK-MBN EPOHIF- 伪 and serum testosterone were measured in quiet state. Results: (1) the test scores, maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate after exercise, blood oxygen saturation after exercise, blood lactic acid after exercise, urine protein after exercise of the two groups of Tibetan middle and long distance runners who lived on the plateau after training were tested. The levels of serum CK-MBP EPO-HIF- 伪 and serum testosterone increased from high altitude to plain. There were significant differences in all the indexes (P0.05). (2). Compared with the control group, the test scores of the experimental group athletes running 12 minutes after the "plateau-sub plateau-plain" transitional training were compared. The maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate after exercise significantly increased (P0.05), while the quiet state of serum CK-MBN HIF- 伪 and serum testosterone increased more significantly, and there was significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion: the "plateau-sub-plateau-plain" training mode has a better effect on improving the adaptability of heart and lung function of the middle and long distance runners living in plateau than the traditional plateau training mode. It is beneficial for the athletes to adapt to the altitude drop from plateau to plain faster and better, and it is helpful to improve the intensity and achievement of the athletes during training.
【作者单位】：成都体育学院;
【基金】：2014年四川省科技计划项目“高原-亚高原交替训练的实验研究—以甘孜州中长跑运动员为例”(2014SZ0158)
【分类号】：G822.2

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