液体负重弧形高台训练在背越式跳高过杆技术中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-08-08 19:11
【摘要】：背越式跳高过杆技术的好坏,主要取决于运动员在杆上及下杆时的技术动作和能力,而H3值的大小、大腿与躯干夹角以及下杆速度,都是反映运动员杆上及下杆技术动作和能力的关键。横杆与身体重心的水平距离即H4值则主要取决于腾起角和起跳距的合理组合,因此,我们在日常过杆训练中的重点就要放在缩短H3的距离,加大背弓幅度,缩小大腿与躯干夹角,同时加快过杆速度,以此来提高运动员的过杆技术和能力。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法、录像分析法、数理统计法等研究方法对液体负重弧形高台训练在背越式跳高过杆技术中的应用进行研究,分析液体负重弧形高台训练对背越式跳高过杆技术和能力的影响,探讨液体负重弧形高台在背越式跳高过杆专项技术训练中的应用效果、优点和不足,发展背越式跳高过杆专项技术在训练器材方面的研究,提高过杆训练的科学性和有效性。通过总结分析,得出以下结论:1.液体负重是将传统沙背心换成水背心,并用横纹将水分成若干等分,整体形状类似于救生衣,穿戴既方便又舒适,同时还可以有效提高过杆技术及能力。在起跳和上杆过程中,利用水的流动性以及液体负重衣自身重量,加大身体负荷,提高起跳腿的支撑能力和身体在腾起过程中的平衡能力,增强肌肉对大负荷的适应能力;在杆上和下杆过程中,加快运动员过杆速度,缩小H3值,提高H2利用率,并且减小了运动员躯干与大腿夹角,加大运动员背弓幅度。这样就使得运动员不仅过杆技术得到改进,而且过杆能力也有很大提升。2.弧形高台是在一级运动员四步助跑起跳的助跑弧线基础上,增加0.3m的高度制作而成的带有弧度的高台。弧线的设计是为了使运动员助跑起跳符合背越式跳高中弧线助跑起跳的技术动作结构、用力特点以及用力方向,而高台增加的高度,正好能够使运动员在4—5步短距离助跑过杆技术训练中轻松达到甚至超过自己的目标高度,充分体会在自己目标高度上完成过杆动作的空间感。3.液体负重弧形高台训练是弧线助跑,高台训练以及液体负重训练相结合的“三合一”训练手段,能够让运动员在短距离助跑过杆中充分利用液体负重衣对过杆动作的改进,轻松越过目标高度,同时这个训练手段不仅可以让专业运动员进行杆上训练,也能够让已初步掌握背越式跳高过杆技术动作的非专业运动员改进过杆动作,使其不用受助跑控制能力和过杆高度的限制。4.通过液体负重弧形高台训练手段进行背越式跳高过杆训练较常规的跳高过杆训练对运动员专项技术的改进与专项能力的提高效果更明显,运动成绩提升幅度更大。
[Abstract]:The skill of overshoot is mainly determined by the skill and ability of the athletes on and off the pole, and the value of H3, the angle between thighs and torso, and the speed of the lower pole. It is the key to reflect the technical action and ability of the athlete on and off the pole. The horizontal distance between the crossbar and the center of gravity, that is, the value of H4, mainly depends on the reasonable combination of the rising angle and the take-off distance. Therefore, the emphasis of our daily cross-bar training is to shorten the distance of H3 and increase the amplitude of the back bow. The angle between thighs and torso is reduced, and the speed of crossing rod is accelerated to improve the skill and ability of athletes. In this paper, the use of literature, expert interview, experiment, video analysis, mathematical statistics and other research methods to study the application of the liquid load arc training in the cross pole technique of back jump. This paper analyzes on the influence of the liquid load bearing arc platform training on the technology and ability of the backcross type high jump, and probes into the application effect, advantages and disadvantages of the liquid load arc platform in the special technical training of the back and overshoot high jump, and discusses the application effect, advantages and disadvantages of the liquid bearing arc platform in the special technical training of the back type high jump. In order to improve the science and effectiveness of cross-pole training, the research on training equipment is developed. By summing up and analyzing, we draw the following conclusion: 1. The liquid load is to replace the traditional sand vest with water vest and divide the water into several equal parts with horizontal lines. The whole shape is similar to that of the lifejacket. It is convenient and comfortable to wear, and it can also effectively improve the technology and ability of crossing the rod. In the process of take-off and upper pole, the fluidity of water and the weight of liquid load coat are used to increase the body load, to improve the support ability of the take-off leg and the balance ability of the body in the process of lifting up, and to enhance the adaptability of the muscles to the heavy load. In the process of upper and lower pole, the speed of crossing rod is accelerated, the value of H _ 3 is reduced, the utilization ratio of H _ 2 is improved, and the angle between trunk and thigh is reduced, and the amplitude of back bow of athletes is increased. In this way, the athletes not only improved their cross-pole skills, but also improved their ability. 2. 2. The arc platform is a kind of platform with Radian which is made by adding 0.3m height on the basis of the four steps take-off curve of the first-grade athletes. The arc is designed to make the take-off accord with the technical action structure, the characteristics of the force and the direction of the force, and the height of the platform. At the same time, athletes can easily reach or even exceed their target height in the technical training of 4-5 step sprinting through the pole, and fully realize the space feeling of completing the pole movement on their target height. The "three-in-one" training method of the "three in one" training combined with the arc line run-up, platform training and liquid load training enables athletes to make full use of the liquid load clothing to improve the movement of the rod in the short distance run-up. Easily crossing the target height, at the same time, this training method can not only allow professional athletes to train on the pole, but also enable the non-professional athletes who have initially mastered the technical movements of the back-and-over high jump to improve their cross-pole movements. So that it does not have to run-up control ability and the height of the bar restrictions. 4. Compared with the conventional high jump training, the improvement of special technique and special ability of athletes is more obvious, and the range of improvement of sports achievement is larger.
【学位授予单位】：广州体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G823.1
本文编号：2172762
[Abstract]:The skill of overshoot is mainly determined by the skill and ability of the athletes on and off the pole, and the value of H3, the angle between thighs and torso, and the speed of the lower pole. It is the key to reflect the technical action and ability of the athlete on and off the pole. The horizontal distance between the crossbar and the center of gravity, that is, the value of H4, mainly depends on the reasonable combination of the rising angle and the take-off distance. Therefore, the emphasis of our daily cross-bar training is to shorten the distance of H3 and increase the amplitude of the back bow. The angle between thighs and torso is reduced, and the speed of crossing rod is accelerated to improve the skill and ability of athletes. In this paper, the use of literature, expert interview, experiment, video analysis, mathematical statistics and other research methods to study the application of the liquid load arc training in the cross pole technique of back jump. This paper analyzes on the influence of the liquid load bearing arc platform training on the technology and ability of the backcross type high jump, and probes into the application effect, advantages and disadvantages of the liquid load arc platform in the special technical training of the back and overshoot high jump, and discusses the application effect, advantages and disadvantages of the liquid bearing arc platform in the special technical training of the back type high jump. In order to improve the science and effectiveness of cross-pole training, the research on training equipment is developed. By summing up and analyzing, we draw the following conclusion: 1. The liquid load is to replace the traditional sand vest with water vest and divide the water into several equal parts with horizontal lines. The whole shape is similar to that of the lifejacket. It is convenient and comfortable to wear, and it can also effectively improve the technology and ability of crossing the rod. In the process of take-off and upper pole, the fluidity of water and the weight of liquid load coat are used to increase the body load, to improve the support ability of the take-off leg and the balance ability of the body in the process of lifting up, and to enhance the adaptability of the muscles to the heavy load. In the process of upper and lower pole, the speed of crossing rod is accelerated, the value of H _ 3 is reduced, the utilization ratio of H _ 2 is improved, and the angle between trunk and thigh is reduced, and the amplitude of back bow of athletes is increased. In this way, the athletes not only improved their cross-pole skills, but also improved their ability. 2. 2. The arc platform is a kind of platform with Radian which is made by adding 0.3m height on the basis of the four steps take-off curve of the first-grade athletes. The arc is designed to make the take-off accord with the technical action structure, the characteristics of the force and the direction of the force, and the height of the platform. At the same time, athletes can easily reach or even exceed their target height in the technical training of 4-5 step sprinting through the pole, and fully realize the space feeling of completing the pole movement on their target height. The "three-in-one" training method of the "three in one" training combined with the arc line run-up, platform training and liquid load training enables athletes to make full use of the liquid load clothing to improve the movement of the rod in the short distance run-up. Easily crossing the target height, at the same time, this training method can not only allow professional athletes to train on the pole, but also enable the non-professional athletes who have initially mastered the technical movements of the back-and-over high jump to improve their cross-pole movements. So that it does not have to run-up control ability and the height of the bar restrictions. 4. Compared with the conventional high jump training, the improvement of special technique and special ability of athletes is more obvious, and the range of improvement of sports achievement is larger.
【学位授予单位】：广州体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G823.1
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