美国2016-2020年《国民体力活动计划》研究及启示

发布时间：2018-08-11 21:24

【摘要】：通过对美国《国民体力活动计划》(以下简称美国《计划》)问题构建、议程设置、形成与合法化进行研究以及中美的比较,为我国全民健身工作提供参考。研究发现,美国2016-2020年《国民体力活动计划》比上一周期计划更加注重评估的价值、体力活动促进项目策划、各个州体力活动促进与治理的灵活性,强调以社区体力活动促进作为计划的重点;计划问题构建模型从健康行为的生态模型向社会生态模型转变;计划议程设置充分利用专家学者以及社会组织专业人士,从社会问题自身的社会建构过程的视角,筛选政策问题,使其成为政府决策的"候选者"。计划形成于共同协商与系统协同之上,注重实施目标的针对性、具体性、系统性打磨。计划合法化强调社会组织负责人与民众参与,注重社会组织中专业人士在《计划》合法化过程中主体性的发挥与衔接体制内外主体的桥梁作用。美国《国民体力活动计划》相关经验,对我国2016-2020年《全民健身计划》(以下简称中国《计划》)的执行、评估以及全民健身治理等方面有很好的借鉴价值与启示意义。
[Abstract]:Through the research on the construction, agenda setting, formation and legalization of the National physical activity Program of the United States (hereinafter referred to as the "National physical activity Plan") and the comparison between China and the United States, this paper provides a reference for the work of national fitness in our country. The study found that the National physical activity Program 2016-2020 in the United States is more focused on the value of evaluation than in the previous cycle, where physical activity promotes project planning, and states' flexibility in physical activity promotion and governance. Emphasizing the importance of community physical activity promotion as the focus of planning; the transformation of planning problem building models from ecological models of healthy behaviour to social ecological models; and the full use of experts, scholars and social organization professionals in planning agenda setting, From the perspective of the social construction process of the social problems themselves, this paper selects the policy issues and makes them "candidates" for government decision-making. The plan is formed on the basis of common negotiation and system cooperation, focusing on the pertinence, concreteness and systematic grinding of the implementation objectives. The legalization of the plan emphasizes the participation of the leaders of the social organizations and the people, and emphasizes the role of the subjectivity of the professionals in the legalization of the social organizations and the bridge between the subjects inside and outside the system. The relevant experience of the National physical activity Program of the United States has a good reference value and enlightenment for the implementation, evaluation and governance of the National Fitness Program for the period 2016-2020 in China (hereinafter referred to as the "National Fitness Program" in China).
【作者单位】：安徽师范大学体育学院;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“网络治理下中美全民健身计划协同路径比较研究”(16BTY074) 教育部人文社会科学基金项目“中美青少年体质健康与身体活动评价体系比较”(13YJC890043) 安徽省重大教学改革研究项目“大学生体质健康促进与公共体育教学改革研究”(2014ZDJY025)
【分类号】：G817.12

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