不同教学顺序在标枪教学过程中的对比实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 17:47

【摘要】：目前我国高等体育院校标枪教学课大多采用的是传统教学,从标枪的最后发力阶段开始进行教学,再学习投掷步和助跑技术。这种教学方式的确能使学生快速掌握标枪技术,但长期以来采用同样的教学模式出现了一些问题,比如像学生的投掷步节奏不对或助跑加速不明显等等。为了解决这些问题,达到改善标枪教学现状的目的,采用不同教学顺序的对比教学实验,分析两种教学顺序各自的优势与不足,希望能为广大田径一线教师提供一个可以参考借鉴的田径教学模式与思路,使广大教师能够从中能够得到启发,也为改善目前高等体育院校田径教学现状提供一定的修改方案。目前各类文献中有关不同教学顺序在标枪教学中的研究甚少,本文的研究在一定的意义上具有填补国内研究空白的意义,可为同类深入研究奠定基础。选取北京体育大学教育学院2016级3班和12班作为实验对象,试验前对两个班进行身体素质基本测试,前测表明两个班身体基本素质没有明显差异。实验班采用“逆向教学”,对照班采用传统教学。整个研究过程中采用文献资料法、观察法、数理统计法、实验法等研究法法;保证在实验班和对照班在教学内容和教学场景、教学进度相同的情况下,由同一教师进行授课,在教学完成后对分别对两个班进行技评与达标测试,并通过分析录像得出以下结论:1在高等体育院校普修标枪教学课中,两种教学方式都能在一定程度上使学生掌握标枪技术,由于教学课时有限,从本次实验来看采用“逆向教学”的实验班在技评成绩与达标成绩上表现得相对于对照班稍有优势,但差异性不是很大。2实验班同学在标枪完整技术上要优于对照班。对照班的传统教学法的教学侧重点在于原地投枪技术,在练习时大多采用原地练习,导致学生容易出现原地投枪的动力定型,在进行完整助跑投枪时出现各种动作变形;实验组的教学侧重点在投掷步技术,在练习时大多采用运动中的练习,在进行完整助跑投枪时动作较为流程流畅。3投掷标枪运动作为一个技术性很强的体育竞技项目,动作的结构复杂,对于高等体育院校学生来说学习的难度较大,很难通过仅仅8次课的教学使学生正真掌握标枪技术,所以说在教学的过程中所采用的教学方法与练习手段尤为重要。在学习一些复杂的动作时,只单纯的进行机械化的练习往往效果不佳,采用有针对性的练习能更好的帮助学生理解动作构成。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the javelin teaching courses in our country's higher physical education colleges adopt the traditional teaching, which starts from the final stage of javelin launching, and then studies the throwing steps and run-up techniques. This kind of teaching method can make students master javelin technique quickly, but some problems have appeared in the same teaching mode for a long time, such as the students' throwing step rhythm is not right or the run-up speed is not obvious and so on. In order to solve these problems and achieve the purpose of improving the present situation of javelin teaching, the comparative teaching experiment of different teaching sequence is adopted to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the two teaching sequences. It is hoped that it can provide a reference teaching mode and train of thought for the first line teachers of track and field, so that the teachers can get inspiration from it, and also provide some modification scheme for improving the present situation of track and field teaching in physical education colleges and universities. At present, there are few researches on different teaching sequence in javelin teaching in all kinds of literature. The research in this paper has the significance of filling the blank of domestic research in a certain sense, and can lay a foundation for the same kind of in-depth research. Class 2016, Class 3 and Class 12, Beijing Institute of physical Education, were selected as the experimental objects. The basic physical fitness of the two classes was tested before the experiment. The pre-test showed that there was no obvious difference between the two classes. The experimental class adopts reverse teaching, while the control class adopts traditional teaching. In the whole course of the research, the methods of literature, observation, mathematical statistics, experiment and so on are used to ensure that the same teacher will teach in the experimental class and the control class under the same teaching content and teaching scene, and the teaching progress is the same. After the completion of the teaching, the two classes were evaluated and tested respectively, and the following conclusions were drawn by analyzing the video recording: 1. In the general javelin teaching course in higher sports colleges, the two teaching methods can make the students master javelin technique to a certain extent. Because of the limited teaching time, the experimental class with "reverse teaching" has a slight advantage over the control class in terms of the technical evaluation results and the standard achievement. But the difference is not very big. 2. 2 students in the javelin complete technology is better than the control class. The emphasis of the traditional teaching method of the control class lies in the technique of throwing guns in situ. In practice, most of the students adopt in situ practice, which results in the students prone to form the motive force of throwing guns in situ, and all kinds of actions are distorted when they are in complete run-up. The teaching emphasis of the experimental group is on throwing step technique. In practice, most of the students adopt the exercise in the movement, and the movement of the complete run-up throw gun is more smooth. 3. The javelin throwing movement is a highly technical competitive sport. The structure of the movement is complex, and it is very difficult for the students in physical education colleges to learn. It is very difficult to make the students master the javelin technique through the teaching of only eight classes. So it is very important to use teaching method and practice method in the course of teaching. In learning some complex movements, only mechanized exercises are often ineffective, the use of targeted exercises can better help students understand the composition of the movement.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.3-4

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