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东北亚地区的拔河游戏研究

发布时间:2018-08-27 16:26
【摘要】:拔河游戏在东亚水稻文化圈广为流行,旨在祈愿农业丰收,促进共同体成员间的和谐和团结。拔河一般分为两队,双方向相反方向拉绳子。共同体成员希望通过拔河游戏,寻求社会的团结和相互的支援。其本质并不在追求胜负,而在于共同体的丰饶和平安。拔河游戏虽然广泛分布于亚洲、美洲、非洲、欧洲等地,但其集中分布区域为亚洲。即,主要分布在中国、韩国、日本、印度尼西亚、老挝、柬埔寨、缅甸、泰国、中国台湾等主要国家和地区。日本早于1950年制定了《文化财保护法》,日本传统拔河游戏成为国家指定、国家选定等文化财,受到各方面保护。2015年12月,韩国联合柬埔寨、菲律宾、越南经过数年努力,使得拔河入选人类非物质文化遗产代表名录。拔河的成功“申遗”在我国引起广泛讨论,中国对非物质文化关注度也越来越高。本论文旨在分析中、日、韩三国的拔河游戏。通过对东北亚地区的拔河游戏的研究,分析各国(地区)拔河游戏的共同性和独特性,从而找到我国拔河游戏存在的问题。拔河游戏是农耕礼仪的一环,也是东亚地区共同的遗产。由于各国(地区)的文化、气候、环境不同,其拔河也具备各自的特点。本论文将运用两种研究方法。第一,实地调查和资料分析;第二,运用比较民俗学的分析方法,找出各国(地区)拔河游戏的共同点和不同点。通过以上研究方法得出如下结论:第一,中国的拔河拔河起源于古代的一种叫“水战”的军事训练方法。其传到民间后,逐渐发展成为祈愿村落太平的游戏,之后与农业相结合,具备了宗教意义。早在中国隋唐时期,拔河在民间就具有了消灾除恶、占卜丰年的意义。通过分析比较东北亚各国(地区)的拔河游戏的历史起源、绳的形态、地域分布、意义等,能发现各国(地区)拔河游戏有很多共同性和多样性。第二,拔河游戏的起源说法有很多种,其中“中国起源说”更为恰当。中国传统拔河游戏虽具有悠久的历史,但是现今已经衰退。反而韩国的拔河游戏成为了在亚洲地区具有代表性的拔河游戏。第三,寻找并整理中国拔河游戏存在的问题和衰退的原因,为中国拔河的再度兴起提供一些帮助。第四,随着拔河游戏载入人类非物质文化遗产代表名录,预计我国政府也会对拔河发展提供更多的政策支持和帮助。随着我国对非物质文化遗产的关注不断增高,我国传统拔河游戏具有再次盛行的可能性。尽管,我国西式拔河较为普及,有较好的群众基础,我国政府和民间也要共同努力,关注传统拔河的普及和发展。
[Abstract]:Tug of war is a popular game in the rice culture circle of East Asia, which aims to pray for a good harvest of agriculture and promote harmony and unity among the members of the community. Tug of war is generally divided into two teams, two directions in the opposite direction of the rope. Members of the Community hope to seek social solidarity and mutual support through tug-of-war. Its essence is not in the pursuit of victory or defeat, but in the community of abundance and peace. Tug-of-war games are widely distributed in Asia, America, Africa, Europe and so on, but they are concentrated in Asia. That is, mainly distributed in China, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Taiwan and other major countries and regions. As early as 1950, Japan enacted the Law on the Protection of Cultural property. Traditional tug-of-war games in Japan became national designated, state-selected and other cultural assets, protected by various aspects. In December 2015, South Korea, together with Cambodia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, made efforts for several years. Make tug of war selected as the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage. The success of tug of war has aroused extensive discussion in China, and China has paid more and more attention to immaterial culture. This thesis aims to analyze the tug-of-war games in China, Japan and Korea. Based on the study of tug-of-war in Northeast Asia, this paper analyzes the commonality and uniqueness of tug-of-war games in various countries (regions), and finds out the problems existing in tug-of-war games in China. Tug of war is a part of farming etiquette and a common heritage in East Asia. Because the culture, climate and environment of each country (region) are different, its tug of war also has its own characteristics. This paper will use two research methods. First, field investigation and data analysis; second, using comparative folklore analysis method to find out the common points and differences of tug-of-war games in different countries (regions). The conclusions are as follows: first, tug-of-war in China originated from an ancient military training method called "water warfare". After its spread to the people, it gradually developed into a game of praying for peace in villages, and then combined with agriculture, with religious significance. As early as the Sui and Tang dynasties in China, tug-of-war in the folk has the significance of eliminating disasters and eliminating evil, divination. By analyzing and comparing the historical origin, the form of rope, the regional distribution and the significance of tug-of-war games in Northeast Asia, we can find that there are many commonalities and diversity in tug-of-war games in different countries (regions). Secondly, the origin of tug of war is more appropriate. Although Chinese traditional tug-of-war games have a long history, they are now declining. Instead, Korea's tug of war has become a representative of the Asian region of the tug of war. Third, to find and sort out the problems and causes of the decline of tug-of-war in China, to provide some help for the resurgence of tug-of-war in China. Fourth, with the tug-of-war game included in the list of representatives of human intangible cultural heritage, it is expected that our government will also provide more policy support and help to the development of tug-of-war. With the increasing attention to intangible cultural heritage in China, the traditional tug-of-war games are likely to prevail again. Although the Western-style tug of war is popular and has a good mass foundation, our government and people should make joint efforts to pay attention to the popularization and development of the traditional tug-of-war.
【学位授予单位】:大连外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:G898.1

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