个体化健身活动方案对老年人神经调节功能的干预效果研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 17:48

【摘要】：研究目的:本研究通过对比干预前后老年人体力变化及神经系统机能的变化,探索老年人个体化低强度健身活动方案的科学性、安全性、实用性及有效性,将神经系统功能的评价应用于老年人身体活动中,为健身活动方案提供有效的生理学基础,为拓宽老年人的健身活动方法提供依据。研究方法:以呼和浩特市回民区西机务段41名老年人为研究对象,结合调查访问和身体基本机能测试,制定并实施为期三个月的个体化活动方案,以OMEGAWAVE系统有氧耐力心率分区强度作为老年人的活动强度,测定干预前后心脏系统功能指标,进行心率变异性时域分析和频域分析;测定值及应激刺激后的脑电压(OP)和反应时指标,综合运用上述指标评价运动干预前后老年人神经系统机能的变化。研究结果:对老年人进行3个月的活动干预后,发现老年人各项体力指标有显著性提高,心脏系统功能良性变化者人数增加,其中自主神经达标人数增加最明显,干预后安静心率平均值显著降低;时域指标和频域指标都出现良性变化,其中SDNN人数明显增加,自主神经平衡中迷走神经优势化的人数显著增加,TP的均值增加率达到了39.49%,LF/HF减小到了1.45,自主神经平衡状态指标显著提高。中枢神经可承受运动负荷人数变化差异性显著,心肺气体交换系统调节能力的人数变化、下丘脑垂体肾上腺轴内分泌轴调节能力的人数变化、肝脏解毒系统调节能力的人数变化均表现出差异显著性。干预前后平均反应时间显著减小,从干预前0.188s的提高至0.166s,干预前后感觉运动神经系统功能水平指数差异显著,从干预前4.376的增加至4.541。研究结论:老年人3个月的个体化低强度健身活动可增强心脏系统功能,干预后自主神经的张力增加,迷走神经的张力增加幅度较大,迷走神经和交感神经平衡状态达到新的动态平衡,但整体功能水平提高,这种新平衡是建立在内脏功能良性变化的基础上。OP值的变化反映中枢神经应激调节能力、承受运动负荷调节能力、中枢神经兴奋性调节能力、心肺气体交换系统调节能力、肝脏解毒功能调节能力、HPA调节能力,这些能力均有所提高,反应时也有所提高,各神经调节系统功能水平以及健康状态明显改善。本研究结果表明,老年人从事个体化低强度健身活动,有利于促进老年人中枢神经和自主神经调节功能的良性变化,干预效果明显,具有一定的推广实施价值。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to explore the scientific, safety, practicability and effectiveness of individualized low-intensity exercise program for the elderly by comparing the changes of physical strength and nervous system function before and after intervention. The evaluation of nervous system function is applied to the physical activities of the elderly, which provides an effective physiological basis for the fitness program, and provides the basis for broadening the fitness methods of the elderly. Methods: a three-month individualized program of activities was designed and implemented with 41 elderly people in Huhehaote District of Huhehaote City as the research objects, and combined with investigation visits and basic body function tests, and a three-month program of individualized activities was designed and implemented in Huhehaote District, Huhehaote City. Heart rate of OMEGAWAVE system was used as activity intensity of old people. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed in time domain and frequency domain by measuring heart system function index before and after intervention. The changes of nervous system function of the elderly before and after exercise intervention were evaluated by measuring the values of (OP) and response time index of brain voltage after stress stimulation. Results: after 3 months of intervention, it was found that the physical indexes of the elderly were significantly improved, and the number of patients with benign changes in the heart system was increased, among which the number of autonomic nerves reaching the standard was the most obvious. After intervention, the mean of quiet heart rate decreased significantly, the time domain index and frequency domain index showed benign changes, and the number of SDNN increased significantly. In autonomic nerve balance, the number of vagus dominant increased significantly. The mean increase rate of TP reached 39.49% and LF / HF decreased to 1.45, and the index of autonomic nerve balance state increased significantly. There were significant differences in the number of people who could withstand the exercise load of central nervous system, the changes of the number of persons in the regulating capacity of the cardiopulmonary gas exchange system and the number of people in the regulation of the endocrine axis of the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal axis. The changes of the regulating capacity of liver detoxification system showed significant difference. Before and after intervention, the average reaction time decreased significantly, from 0.188s before intervention to 0.166s, and there was significant difference in the functional index of sensorimotor nervous system before and after intervention, from 4.376 before intervention to 4.541. Conclusion: three months of individualized low-intensity exercise can enhance the function of cardiac system and increase the tension of autonomic nerve and vagus nerve after intervention. The balance of vagus nerve and sympathetic nerve reached a new dynamic balance, but the whole function level was improved. This new balance is based on the benign change of visceral function. The change of op value reflects the regulation ability of central nervous system stress. The ability to withstand exercise load, to regulate the excitability of the central nervous system, to regulate the cardiopulmonary gas exchange system, and to regulate the liver detoxification function were all increased, and the response time was also increased. The functional level and health status of each neuroregulatory system were significantly improved. The results showed that the elderly engaged in individualized and low-intensity fitness activities were beneficial to promote the benign changes of central nervous and autonomic nervous regulation function of the elderly, and the intervention effect was obvious, and it had certain value of popularizing and implementing.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G804.2

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