湘中地区养老院老人心理健康现状与体育锻炼干预的实验研究

发布时间：2018-09-06 08:31

【摘要】：随着我国进入老龄化社会,老年人群体也随之越来越受到人们的关注。这种形势下,老年人群体的问题也接踵而来,其中有生理方面的问题,也有心理方面的问题。衰老作为自然界不可抗拒的规律,人都会从朝气勃勃到老态龙钟,在这一过程中,如果不加以认识与重视,都有可能导致健康水平下降,生理机能失调,心理也不平衡。因此,老年人的心理健康更是值得关注。当今社会中作为特殊的弱势群体,养老院老人已经被公众以及社会广泛关注,他们的心理健康状况也成了他们能否安享晚年的标志之一。为了更加全面的了解养老院老人的心理健康状况以及针对出现的问题及时找到合适科学的解决方法,本研究采用SCL-90症状自评量表对湘中地区两个养老院100名老人进行测试,测试结果得出该地区养老院老人在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性这9项因分子上的得分均高于全国正常水平,并且呈现非常显著性差异(P0.01),说明湘中地区养老院老人存在不同程度的心理健康问题,并且低龄层老人心理健康水平要低于中龄层老人,女性老人心理健康水平低于男性老人。根据SCL-90症状自评量表的测试结果,总分超过160分的即为心理健康水平低的人群,筛选出SCL-90自评量表总得分最高,即心理健康水平最低的15名老人作为实验干预对象,在进行体育锻炼干预的过程中,首先,采用理论知识结合体育游戏的教学方法引导老人逐渐进入实验状态,培养老人参与实验的积极性;其次,采用太极拳、百姓健康舞、门球三个锻炼项目进行干预。太极拳干预是通过太极拳运动的动静结合,培养老人的平衡能力与控制力;百姓健康舞干预是运用简单且轻度的动作加上轻快通俗的音律,放松身心的同时起到强身健体的功效;门球干预是通过简单轻松的竞赛方式给老年人提供一个促进合作与身心健康的挑战机会;最后是组织实验干预后的座谈会,了解老人的想法,让老人体会体育锻炼干预过程中的团结与合作,促进人与人之间的交流,提高心理健康水平,以便达到最好的干预效果。体育锻炼干预后,15位心理健康水平低的老人10项因分子得分都明显下降,实验前后出现非常显著性差异(p0.01),与全国常模相比,躯体化、人际关系敏感、焦虑、敌对的因分子得分均小于全国常模。通过座谈了解到,体育锻炼干预后,养老院老人对参与运动的兴趣和积极性提高了,特别是在百姓健康舞和门球运动项目上表现得更为突出。同时体育锻炼对促进老人与同伴、养老院工作人员的人际交往,改善老人的心理健康状况具有积极的作用。综上所述,可提出以下建议:(1)养老院以各年龄层为单位,每半年至少举行两次关于对老人心理健康测评,第一时间发现心理健康水平低的老人,积极引导老人并帮助老人解决所出现的心理或生理问题,并每周或者半个月举行一次养老院老人的谈话交流会,促进同一生活环境老人的交流与亲密度。(2)养老院工作人员应根据不同年龄层、不同性别以及对体育项目的喜好来安排相应的体育项目,开展丰富多彩的活动,以便改善老人心理健康,丰富他们的晚年生活,健康养老。(3)社会体育指导员应该多关注养老院积极参加体育锻炼的兴趣,并结合老年人群的特点以及对体育项目的喜好程度给老人制定科学有效的体育锻炼计划。(4)当地政府机构应给养老院提供开展体育锻炼的硬件设施,开设老人感兴趣却还没开展的体育锻炼项目。(5)在养老院开设心理健康咨询室以及一些辅助治疗的心理健康科普讲座,使老人正确对待自己所表现出来的心理健康问题以及身体问题。
[Abstract]:With China's entry into an aging society, more and more attention has been paid to the elderly. In this situation, the problems of the elderly have followed, including physical problems, but also psychological problems. As a special vulnerable group in today's society, the elderly in nursing homes have been widely concerned by the public and the society, and their mental health has become a state of concern. In order to understand the mental health status of the elderly in nursing homes more comprehensively and find appropriate and scientific solutions to the problems in time, SCL-90 Symptom Checklist was used to test 100 elderly people in two nursing homes in central Hunan. The results showed that the elderly in this area could provide for the aged. The scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia and psychoticism of the elderly in the hospital were higher than the national normal level, and there was a very significant difference (P According to the results of the SCL-90 Symptom Checklist, people with a total score of more than 160 are those with a low mental health level, and 15 elderly people with the lowest mental health level are selected as the subjects of intervention. In the process of intervening in physical exercise, firstly, the old people are guided to enter the experimental state gradually by combining theoretical knowledge with sports games teaching method, and the enthusiasm of the old people to participate in the experiment is cultivated; secondly, the three exercise items of Taijiquan, people's healthy dance and door ball are used to intervene. To cultivate the balance and control ability of the elderly, the intervention of folk health dance is to relax the body and strengthen the body by using simple and light movements with light and popular rhythm, and to provide a challenge opportunity for the elderly to promote cooperation and physical and mental health through simple and relaxed competition. To organize a symposium after the experimental intervention to understand the ideas of the elderly, so that the elderly can experience the solidarity and cooperation in the process of physical exercise intervention, promote communication between people, improve the level of mental health, so as to achieve the best intervention effect. Compared with the national norm, the scores of somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and hostility were lower than those of the national norm. Through the discussion, it was found that after physical exercise intervention, the old people in nursing homes were more interested and enthusiastic in participating in sports, especially in people's healthy dancing and goalball games. At the same time, physical exercise plays a positive role in promoting the interpersonal communication between the elderly and their peers, and in improving the mental health of the elderly. The first time found that the mental health level of the elderly is low, actively guide the elderly and help the elderly to solve their psychological or physiological problems, and weekly or half a month to hold a conversation and exchange of old people in nursing homes, to promote the same living environment of the elderly exchange and intimacy. (2) nursing home staff should be based on different age groups, different. Gender and preference for sports events to arrange the corresponding sports, carry out a variety of activities in order to improve the mental health of the elderly, enrich their old life, healthy pension. (3) Social sports instructors should pay more attention to the interests of nursing homes to actively participate in physical exercise, combined with the characteristics of the elderly population and sports. Objective To establish a scientific and effective physical exercise program for the elderly. (4) Local government agencies should provide physical exercise facilities for the elderly, and set up physical exercise programs that the elderly are interested in but have not yet carried out. (5) Set up a mental health consultation room in the nursing home as well as some supplementary treatment of popular science lectures on mental health. The elderly treat their mental health problems and physical problems correctly.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.8

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