花毽训练对大学生感觉门控和认知电位的影响

发布时间：2018-09-06 19:46

【摘要】：目的：注意力是指人的心理活动指向和集中于某种事物的能力。注意力缺损是其他认知功能缺损的神经心理学基础，先于疾病的发生而存在。P50被认为是反映大脑排除无关刺激传入的自动抑制的注意前驱（初期）抑制能力，反映了在注意的前期阶段对无关刺激的过滤。P300则反映了脑对有用信息所分配的注意力资源。两者从不同的侧面反映了注意的功能能力，，成为评价人注意能力的重要的神经生理学指标。前人的研究显示，运动对认知功能有良好的促进作用，但这种促进作用表现为选择性还是普遍性尚存有争议，以往的研究中主要关注了运动本身定量的特点，近年来人们开始关注运动性质对认知功能的研究，不同性质的运动由于运动协调性和认知任务复杂性不同，对认知功能的影响不同。花毽作为我国传统民俗体育的一种运动形式，有着广泛的群众基础，深受人们喜爱。花毽运动符合神经运动练习的标准，是一种对平衡、协调、步态、灵敏性等运动技巧要求高，认知任务复杂的运动方式。花毽运动的健身功能毋庸置疑，但有关花毽运动对脑认知功能影响的研究所见甚少，对认知电位P300和感觉门控P50的研究则未见有报道。本文选用健康在校女大学生为受试对象，采用随机对照试验的方法，追踪观察了6周花毽运动对事件相关电位P300和P50指标的影响，评价了花毽运动对提高人体认知能力尤其是注意能力的影响作用，以期能为丰富该领域知识和全民健身运动中运动处方的制定提供实验依据。对象与方法：通过宣传招募，采用人口统计学特征、PARQYOU问卷随机选取山东师范大学长清湖校区的在校非体育学院健康女大学生23人，均知情同意。随机分为跑步组（n=11）和花毽组（n=12）。研究采用了文献法、调查法、数理统计法和实验法等方法。实验测试均在山东师范大学长清湖校区运动人体科学实验室完成。花毽组进行为期6周的踢花毽运动，每周三次，每次30分钟，运动强度控制在心率为150±5次/分。跑步组进行相应的匀速跑运动。分别于运动训练前、训练四周后、训练六周后记录分析了两组受试者的事件相关电位P50和P300指标。事件相关电位测试采用上海海神医疗电子仪器厂生产的NDI-092神经电检诊仪。采用SPSS15.0for windows软件进行了统计学分析处理，组间差异显著性检验采用独立样本t检验，组内差异显著性检验采用重复测量的方差分析，结果均用平均值和标准差表示。结果：①受试者经过六周的花毽运动可使感觉门控P50比值显著降低（P＜0.05），但跑步组P50比值的变化不明显（P＞0.05）。②六周的花毽锻炼或跑步锻炼均可显著性缩短（P＜0.05）Fz、Cz、Pz点P300的反应时；但四周花毽锻炼即可使Fz、Cz、Pz点的P300反应时均显著性缩短（P＜0.05）；而四周的跑步运动只是使Cz点的P300反应时显著性缩短（P＜0.05）。③经过六周的花毽锻炼仅可使Pz点的P300潜伏期显著性缩短（P＜0.05）。而对Fz和Cz点的P300潜伏期无显著性影响（P＞0.05）。跑步组均未见有显著性差异（P＞0.05）。④六周花毽锻炼可使Fz、Cz、Pz点P300的波幅均显著性增大（P＜0.05）。而跑步组则未见显著性改变（P＞0.05）。结论：花毽运动作为神经运动练习的方式之一，可对感觉门控P50和认知电位P300有良好的促进作用，其效果优于跑步运动，表现为效果出现时间早，影响广泛。花毽运动对认知功能的有益效应表现出一定的选择性特点，如P300指标和头皮导联分布等。
[Abstract]:AIM: Attention refers to the ability of a person to direct and concentrate on something. Attention deficit is the neuropsychological basis for other cognitive impairments that precede the onset of disease. P50 is considered to be an attentional precursor (initial) inhibitory ability that reflects the automatic inhibition of the brain in eliminating irrelevant stimuli. P300 reflects the brain's allocation of attention resources to useful information. Both reflect attention function from different aspects and become important neurophysiological indicators for evaluating human attention. Previous studies have shown that exercise has a good role in promoting cognitive function, but this is the case. Whether the promotional effect is selective or universal remains controversial. Past studies have focused mainly on the quantitative characteristics of exercise itself. In recent years, people have begun to pay attention to the study of the cognitive function of the nature of exercise. Different kinds of sports have different effects on cognitive function due to their different coordination and complexity of cognitive tasks. As a form of traditional Chinese folk sports, it has a broad mass base and is loved by people. The shuttlecock movement meets the criteria of nerve exercise. It is a kind of exercise with high requirements for balance, coordination, gait, agility and other sports skills and complicated cognitive tasks. The effect of exercise on cognitive function of brain is rare, but there is no report on the study of cognitive potential P300 and sensory gating P50. In this study, female college students were selected as subjects, and randomized controlled trial was used to observe the effect of shuttlecock exercise on event-related potential P300 and P50 after 6 weeks. In order to enrich the knowledge of this field and provide experimental basis for the formulation of exercise prescription in the national fitness exercise, the effect of exercise on the improvement of human cognitive ability, especially attention ability is studied.
PARQYOU Questionnaire was used to select 23 healthy female college students from Changqing Lake Campus of Shandong Normal University. They were randomly divided into running group (n=11) and shuttlecock group (n=12). Methods. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Sports and Human Sciences of Changqing Lake Campus of Shandong Normal University. The shuttlecock group was trained for six weeks, three times a week, each time for 30 minutes. The exercise intensity was controlled at 150 65 Event-related potentials P50 and P300 were recorded and analyzed after a week. The event-related potentials were measured by NDI-092 Neuroelectric Examination Instrument manufactured by Shanghai Haishen Medical Electronics Instrument Factory. SPSS15.0 for Windows software was used for statistical analysis. The significance test was repeated analysis of variance, and the results were expressed by mean and standard deviation.
Results: After six weeks of shuttlecock exercise, the sensory gating P50 ratio decreased significantly (P Stress time was significantly shortened (P < 0.05), but all around the running exercise only significantly shortened the P300 response time of Cz point (P < 0.05). 3) After six weeks of shuttlecock exercise, only the P300 latency of P Z point was significantly shortened (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Fz and Cz point (P > 0.05). (P > 0.05). 4) Six weeks of shuttlecock exercise could significantly increase the amplitude of Fz, Cz and Pz point P300 (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the running group (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: As one of the nerve motor exercises, shuttlecock exercise can promote sensory gating P50 and cognitive potential P300, and its effect is better than running exercise. The beneficial effect of shuttlecock exercise on cognitive function shows certain selective characteristics, such as P300 index and scalp conduction. Joint distribution and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G898.1;G804.8

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