助跑速度和性别对45度变向动作中下肢生物力学负荷的影响

发布时间：2018-09-08 08:24

【摘要】：目的:探究不同助跑速度下45°变向动作中男、女运动员下肢生物力学参数的变化情况。方法:运用三维红外高速摄像机和测力台对26名篮球运动员在不同助跑速度下45°变向动作中下肢生物力学运动学和动力学信号进行采集。运用Visual-3D分析软件对采集的信号进行处理并计算相关生物力学参数。结果:男、女运动员在快速助跑下足与地面接触时刻的膝关节外展角显著大于低速助跑(p0.05)。快速助跑下男子运动员的最大膝关节外展角显著增加(p0.05)。助跑速度显著影响男、女运动员的垂直地面反作用力、膝关节屈力矩和外展力矩参数(p0.05)。女子运动员在膝关节屈角和最大膝关节外展角参数方面与男子运动员存在显著性差异(p0.05)。快速助跑时女子运动员的垂直地面反作用力和膝关节屈力矩峰值均显著高于男子运动员(p0.05)。中速助跑时,女子运动员的垂直地面反作用力峰值参数显著大于男子运动员(p0.05)。结论:不同助跑速度对45°变向动作中男、女运动员部分下肢生物力学参数具有显著性影响。另外,同一助跑速度下部分下肢生物力学负荷参数也存在明显的性别差异性。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the changes of lower limb biomechanical parameters of male and female athletes at different run-up velocities. Methods: the biomechanical kinematics and dynamics signals of the lower extremities of 26 basketball players at different run-up speeds (45 掳) were collected by using 3D infrared high speed camera and dynamometer. Visual-3D analysis software was used to process the collected signals and calculate the biomechanical parameters. Results: the knee joint outreaching angle of male and female athletes was significantly higher than that of low speed run-up (p0.05). The maximum knee joint outreaching angle of male athletes increased significantly (p0.05). The run-up speed significantly affected the vertical ground reaction, knee flexion moment and abduction torque of male and female athletes (p0.05). There was significant difference between female athletes and male athletes in knee flexion angle and maximal knee abduction angle (p0.05). The vertical ground reaction force and the peak value of knee flexion moment of female athletes were significantly higher than that of male athletes during fast run-up (p0.05). The peak parameters of vertical ground reaction force of female athletes were significantly higher than that of male athletes (p0.05). Conclusion: different run-up velocities have significant effects on the biomechanical parameters of lower extremities of male and female athletes. In addition, some lower limb biomechanical load parameters at the same run-up speed also have obvious gender differences.
【作者单位】：江苏省体育科学研究所运动技能与体能训练研究服务中心;
【基金】：江苏省体育局指向性课题《基于运动负荷和体能素质评估的三大球项目运动损伤风险预测研究》,项目号:ST14019307
【分类号】：G804.6

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