视觉搜索对羽毛球反手搓推勾技术预判的影响-执行功能的调节作用

发布时间：2018-09-10 21:34

【摘要】：羽毛球前场技术细腻多变,动作区分度小,一致性强,突出体现在反手搓推勾技术等方面。羽毛球运动员只有具备良好的视觉搜索能力,才能在有限的时间内利用主要线索做出快速有效的判断与决策。本研究从羽毛球前场反手搓推勾技术特点入手,借鉴认知心理学研究范式与实验方法,采用自编羽毛球预判测试系统,尝试发现身体不同部位信息搜索对羽毛球运动员预判的影响,以及执行功能在其中发挥的作用。实验1采用了2(运动水平)×5(遮蔽部位)组间设计,运用空间遮蔽方法遮蔽运动员身体的不同部位,以探讨不同部位对运动员预判的影响。40名参与者参加了本实验。新手组运动员20名,平均运动年限1.32±0.50年,无运动等级,视力与矫正视力正常;专家组运动员20名,国家二级运动员,平均运动年限6.63±1.17年,视力与矫正视力正常。实验结果表明,遮蔽拍子和手臂对运动员的预判准确率具有显著影响,而遮蔽头部和下半身对运动员的预判准率无显著影响;另专家组被试在各种遮蔽条件下的预判准确率都显著高于新手组,而反应时方面两组差异不显著。实验2将遮蔽部位与执行功能(刷新、转换、抑制)作为自变量,探讨其对运动员预判的影响。30名参与者参与本实验,国家二级运动员,平均运动年限5.58±0.62年,视力与矫正视力正常,无色盲。实验结果表明,执行功能刷新子成分能正向预测预判准确性,刷新功能越高预判越准确,而转换和抑制子成分对预判准确性没有显著影响;在反应时方面,虽然执行功能三个子成分(刷新、转换、抑制)高低组间均未发现显著性差异,但高执行功能组的预判呈现出快于低执行功能组的趋势。本研究的结论为:拍面与手臂是反手搓推勾技术预判的两个关键部位;执行功能刷新子成分在遮蔽对运动员预判的影响中起调节作用,无遮蔽情况下高刷新组预判越准确显著高于低刷新组,遮蔽拍子时相反。
[Abstract]:Badminton forefield technology is delicate and changeable, the movement differentiation is small, the consistency is strong, outstanding manifests in the backhand rub push hook technique and so on. Only if badminton players have good visual search ability can they make quick and effective judgment and decision with main clues in a limited time. This study starts with the technical characteristics of backhand rubbing and ticking in front of badminton, draws lessons from cognitive psychology research paradigm and experimental methods, and adopts a self-designed badminton pre-judgment test system. This paper tries to find out the influence of different parts of body information search on badminton players' prediction and the function of executive function. Experiment 1 used 2 (level of movement) 脳 5 (shaded part) group design, using space shelter method to cover different parts of the athlete's body, to explore the influence of different parts on athletes' pre-judgment. 40 participants participated in the experiment. In the novice group, there were 20 athletes with average exercise life of 1.32 卤0.50 years, and the visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were normal, and 20 expert athletes, national second-class athletes, average exercise life of 6.63 卤1.17 years, visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were normal. The experimental results show that the sheltering beat and arm have a significant effect on the accuracy of the athletes' pre-judgment, while the shading of the head and the lower body have no significant effect on the accuracy of the athletes' pre-judgment. In addition, the accuracy of prediction in different sheltered conditions was significantly higher than that in the novice group, but there was no significant difference in response time between the two groups. In experiment 2, the masking position and executive function (refresh, transformation, inhibition) were regarded as independent variables, and the influence of masking site and executive function (refresh, transformation, inhibition) on athletes' pre-judgment was discussed. 30 participants participated in the experiment. The average sports life of national second-level athletes was 5.58 卤0.62 years. Normal visual acuity and corrected vision without color blindness. The experimental results show that the executive function refresh subcomponent can positively predict the prediction accuracy, the higher the refresh function is, the more accurate the prediction is, while the conversion and suppression subcomponents have no significant effect on the prediction accuracy. Although there was no significant difference among the three sub-components of executive function (refresh, transformation, inhibition), the prejudgment of high executive function group showed a tendency to be faster than that of low executive function group. The conclusions of this study are as follows: the racquet face and arm are the two key parts of the backhand push and hook technique, and the executive function refresh subcomponent plays a regulating role in the influence of the shading on the athlete's advance judgment. The higher the predictive accuracy of the high refresh group was significantly higher than the low refresh group, the opposite was observed in the sheltered beat.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G847

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