核心力量训练对中学生男子跨栏运动员跨栏步技术影响的研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 07:32

【摘要】：在竞技体育项目中,跨栏项目属于技术性要求很高的一项运动,尤其对于运动员身体素质要求较为严格。在所有的跨栏项目中,又以110米栏更为代表性,运动员需要在保持高速前进的同时不断的跨越栏架以减少时间的损耗。随着2004年刘翔在雅典奥运会上夺取冠军,为中国的短跨项目又增添了很多的信心,在我国,现如今基本上是把研究重心放在对于国内个别优秀运动员的动作技术分析上,而忽略了对其他阶层的运动员技术的分析改善,而青少年短跨运动员的培养才是中国短跨项目提升的重要保障。近年来,核心力量训练逐渐被大众所认识,而这种科学的训练方式也被运用到国内外优秀运动员的训练中去,核心力量训练与传统力量训练的本质区别,其实就是在力量训练的过程中加入了一种“不稳定因素”,而所构建的这种不稳定状态的主要原因是为了使运动员在发展大肌肉群力量的同时也可以刺激深层小肌群力量的发展,目的是增强运动员控制自己身体平衡稳定的能力。本实验利用文献资料法,专家访谈法,录像解析法,实验法和数理统计法等进行研究,实验对象选取的6名青少年短跨运动员,在其进行日常训练的情况下,加入核心力量训练,设置对照组和实验组,对照组每周二、四、六按照原有训练计划进行力量训练。同样的训练时间内,实验组按照核心力量训练的方法进行力量练习。共选取了与跨栏项目有关的四项测试指标,分别是:立定三级跳,5个栏的成绩,30秒仰卧两头起,20秒栏侧起跨腿提拉。实验结束后,分别对实验前后运动员的四项测试指标以及运动员的跨栏步技术参数进行分析得出本研究的以下结论:1.通过录像解析得出:实验组运动员在攻栏距离,起跨腿折叠前摆,摆动腿折叠勾脚尖,栏上身体重心的控制,摆动腿和起跨腿栏上快速完成剪绞动作,下栏阶段摆动腿的积极下压等技术环节均优于对照组,说明核心力量训练对于跨栏运动员跨栏步技术的改善确实起到一定的促进作用。2.通过运动员四项测试指标的前后对比分析,除了30秒仰卧两头起两组运动员的变化并不显著外,其他三项实验组相较于对照组均发生了显著性差异,而在最后进行技术测评和全程栏成绩考核中,实验组成绩均高于对照组,说明核心力量训练对于运动员跨栏技术的改善效果显著。3.处于青春期的实验组运动员对于这种新颖的训练模式充满了好奇心,整个训练过程中,积极性保持很高,对于运动员跨栏技术的改善也起到了一定的情感促进作用。
[Abstract]:In competitive sports, hurdle is a kind of sport with high technical requirements, especially for athletes' physical fitness. In all hurdle events, the 110m hurdle is more representative, athletes need to keep moving at high speed while constantly crossing the hurdle to reduce the loss of time. With Liu Xiang winning the championship at the Athens Olympic Games in 2004, he added a lot of confidence to the short span events in China. In China, the focus of research today is basically focusing on the analysis of the movements and techniques of individual outstanding domestic athletes. It ignores the analysis and improvement of other classes of athletes, and the training of juvenile short span athletes is an important guarantee for the promotion of short span events in China. In recent years, the core strength training has been gradually recognized by the public, and this scientific training method has also been applied to the training of excellent athletes at home and abroad, the essential difference between core strength training and traditional strength training. In fact, in the process of strength training, a kind of "unstable factor" has been added. The main reason of this unstable state is that athletes can develop the strength of large muscle group and stimulate the development of deep muscle group at the same time, the purpose is to enhance the ability of athletes to control their body balance and stability. In this experiment, the methods of literature, expert interview, video analysis, experiment and mathematical statistics were used to study. Six young short span athletes were selected as the experimental subjects, under the condition of their daily training. Join the core strength training, set up the control group and experimental group, the control group every Tuesday, 4, 6 according to the original training plan for strength training. During the same training period, the experimental group conducted strength training according to the core strength training method. Four test indexes related to hurdle events are selected, which are standing three jump, five hurdles score, 30 seconds lying on the back of both sides, and 20 seconds hurdle cross leg Tiara. After the experiment, the four test indexes of athletes and the technical parameters of hurdle step before and after the experiment were analyzed, and the following conclusions of this study: 1: 1 were obtained. Through the video analysis, it is concluded that the athletes of the experimental group can quickly complete the clipping action in the distance of attacking hurdle, the front swinging leg folding, the swinging leg folding hook tiptoe, the control of the center of gravity of the body on the hurdle, the swinging leg and the cross leg hurdle. The technique of swinging leg in the next hurdle stage is superior to that of the control group, which shows that the core strength training does promote the improvement of hurdle step technique of hurdle athletes. 2. According to the comparative analysis of the four test indexes, except for 30 seconds, the changes of the two groups of athletes were not significant, the other three experimental groups had significant difference compared with the control group. In the final technical evaluation and the whole hurdle test, the results of the experimental group are higher than that of the control group, indicating that the core strength training for athletes to improve the hurdle skills significantly. 3. The experimental group athletes in adolescence are full of curiosity about this new training mode. During the whole training process, the enthusiasm of the athletes remains very high, and it also plays an emotional role in the improvement of the athletes' hurdle skills.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G822.6

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