课余游泳训练对广东省高校大学生健康体适能的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 15:48

【摘要】：健康体适能具体包含了心肺耐力、肌肉耐力、肌肉力量、柔韧性以及身体成分五项指标。改善健康体适能的运动方式有很多种,例如跑步、篮球、健美操、游泳等。其中游泳运动具备的健身价值是其他运动项目不能完全具备的,如增肌减脂、提高关节柔韧性、改善呼吸系统、提高血液循环功能等。本研究通过对广东高校大学生实施游泳运动干预,探讨游泳运动能否对大学生健康体适能产生良性的影响,采取什么运动参数的游泳训练能显著改善大学生健康体适能,为大学生选择合理的运动方式提供科学理论依据。本论文以广东省高校大学生作为研究对象,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、测量法、实验法等研究方法,对课余游泳训练的价值,课余游泳训练对健康体适能的影响表现、课余游泳训练对健康体适能的影响机理等问题进行研究,研究过程制定了详细的实验方案,研究结论如下:1.通过实验研究,学生经过16周课余游泳训练,实验前后学生肺活量指标有明显的变化,说明课余游泳训练对学生肺功能的改善有非常显著的效果。2.通过实验研究,学生经过16周课余游泳训练,实验前后学生立定跳远和仰卧起坐成绩有明显的变化,说明课余游泳训练对学生的肌肉力量和肌肉耐力素质的提升有显著的效果。3.通过实验研究,学生经过16周课余游泳训练,实验前后学生坐位体前屈有明显的变化,说明课余游泳训练对学生柔韧性的改善有非常明显的效果。通过男女生对比可得,女生的柔韧性优于男生,男生柔韧性改善增幅优于女生。4.通过实验研究,学生经过16周课余游泳训练,实验前后学生的BMI指数没有形成显著性变化,说明对学生的身体成分影响不大。5.通过实验研究,课余游泳训练对大学生健康体适能的提高,有非常显著的效果。且女生健康体适能水平整体优于男生,男生健康体适能水平增幅高于女生。通过对研究结果的分析与探讨,得出以下主要建议:1.大学生要树立正确的健身理念,掌握科学的健身知识与合理的锻炼手段,并且结合自身的实际情况,才能够真正达到强身健体的目的。2.经过16周课余游泳训练,女生柔韧性指标整体优于男生,但男生增幅比女生高,健康体适能的综合指标也出现同样的情况。建议男生在改善健康体适能状况时,特别是改善柔韧性素质方面,可选择参加运动负荷适中的游泳运动。3.高校游泳协会在对学生开展游泳训练活动时,要考虑恢复心率这一衡量机体是否适应该运动负荷的生理指标,从一定程度能降低运动伤害事故的发生。4.在选择游泳运动作为长期坚持的运动方式时,建议计算出个人的靶心率,在靶心率有效范围内运动,既能确保不会训练过度,又不会产生训练负荷过低,达不到锻炼的目的的现象,确保运动负荷具有科学性。5.游泳运动的技术动作符合人体生理特点,在肺活量、肌肉力量、肌肉耐力以及柔韧性等方面具有显著的改善效果。有助于有效改善大学生健康体适能的状况,能够有效促进大学生身体素质多方面的均衡发展。大学生在选择公共体育课程时,可以考虑选择游泳作为选修课程。
[Abstract]:Health fitness can specifically include cardiopulmonary endurance, muscle endurance, muscle strength, flexibility, and body component five indicators. There are many ways to improve the fitness of healthy bodies, such as running, basketball, calisthenics, swimming, etc. wherein the body-building value of the swimming sport is that other sports items can not be fully provided, such as increasing muscle fat, improving joint flexibility, improving respiratory system, improving blood circulation function, and the like. Through the intervention of swimming exercise on college students in Guangdong, this paper discusses whether the swimming movement can affect the health fitness of college students, and how to exercise the swimming training can improve the health fitness of college students. To provide scientific theoretical basis for college students to choose reasonable exercise mode. Taking the college students of Guangdong University as the research object, this thesis adopts the methods of literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics, measurement, and so on. It shows the value of the swimming training and the influence of the swimming training on the fitness of the healthy body. In this paper, a detailed experimental program was developed to study the effect mechanism of swimming training on health fitness, and the conclusions are as follows: 1. Through the experimental study, after 16 weeks of swimming training, students had obvious changes in the vital capacity of students before and after the experiment, which indicated that after-school swimming training had a very significant effect on the improvement of the pulmonary function of students. Through the experimental study, after 16 weeks of swimming training, students have obviously changed the students' standing long jump and sit-up performance before and after the experiment, which shows that after-class swimming training has a remarkable effect on the improvement of muscle strength and muscle endurance quality of students. Through the experimental study, after 16 weeks of swimming training, students had obvious changes before and after the experiment, which indicated that after-school swimming training has obvious effect on the improvement of student's flexibility. Through the comparison between men and women, the flexibility of girls is better than that of boys, and the improvement of flexibility of male students is better than that of female students. Through the experimental study, after 16 weeks of swimming training, the students' BMI index did not change significantly before and after the experiment. Through the experimental study, after-class swimming training has a remarkable effect on the improvement of the fitness of college students. and the fitness level of the female healthy body is better than that of the male students, and the fitness level of the male healthy body is higher than that of the female students. Through the analysis and discussion of the research results, the following main suggestions are drawn: 1. College students should set up the correct body-building concept, grasp the scientific body-building knowledge and reasonable exercise means, and combine with their actual situation, can really achieve the purpose of building the body. After 16 weeks of swimming training, the flexibility index of female students is better than that of boys, but the increase of male students is higher than that of girls, and the comprehensive indexes of fitness of the healthy bodies also show the same situation. It is suggested that in improving the fitness of the health body, especially in improving the flexibility quality, it is possible to choose the swimming exercise with moderate exercise load. When swimming training activities are carried out for students, it is necessary to consider whether to recover the heart rate, which measure whether the body is adapted to the physiological indexes of the exercise load, and can reduce the occurrence of sports injury accidents to a certain extent. When selecting swimming motion as a long-term persistent exercise mode, it is suggested to calculate the target heart rate of the person, move within the effective range of the target heart rate, not only can ensure that no overtraining is not trained, but also does not produce the phenomenon that the training load is too low and does not reach the purpose of exercising, Make sure that the moving load is scientific. 5. The technical action of swimming movement accords with the physiological characteristics of human body, and has remarkable improvement effect on vital capacity, muscle strength, muscle endurance and flexibility. It is helpful to improve the health fitness of college students effectively, and can effectively promote the balanced development of college students' physical quality. When choosing a public sports course, college students can consider choosing swimming as an elective course.
【学位授予单位】：云南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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