疲劳对排球起跳栏网动作下肢生物力学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-10-08 13:47

【摘要】：研究目的:流行病学研究表明疲劳是造成排球运动能力降低及损伤增加的重要原因。前人研究中关于疲劳程度的定义和疲劳产生的指标变化差异较大。本研究将疲劳细分为无疲劳、中度疲劳和重度疲劳三个等级,比较随着疲劳程度增加,受试者完成垂直起跳拦网动作时下肢生物力学变化特征,分析影响运动表现及损伤的生物力学因素。为排球运动员制定训练计划提供理论依据,以期获得更好的训练成绩并减少损伤。研究方法:受试者为10名北京体育大学男性校队排球运动员。分别在无疲劳、中度疲劳和重度疲劳的状态下进行三次垂直起跳拦网动作测试。使用红外高速运动捕捉系统和三维测力台对受试者测试动作的运动学和动力学数据进行同步采集。研究结果:随疲劳程度增加,腾空阶段的时间和高度均减少。其中重度疲劳的腾空时间、高度明显少于无疲劳和中度疲劳(P0.05)。起跳缓冲阶段中度和重度疲劳的缓冲时间、髋屈伸范围明显少于无疲劳(P0.05);重度疲劳的膝屈伸范围明显小于无疲劳(P=0.015),踝屈伸范围明显小于中度疲劳(P=0.012)。起跳蹬伸阶段中度和重度疲劳的蹬伸时间,重心上升高度,冲量及髋、膝屈伸范围均少于无疲劳状态(P0.05);重度疲劳的踝屈伸范围,髋、膝角速度峰值均小于无疲劳和中度疲劳。落地缓冲阶段从无疲劳到中度疲劳过程中下肢各关节屈伸范围不断增加,而由中度进一步发展到重度疲劳后,却出现减小趋势。足着地时刻和vGRF峰值时刻膝屈角明显减小,vGRF及其加载率无明显变化。研究结论:1.随着疲劳增加,起跳缓冲阶段的髋、膝、踝关节屈伸范围逐渐减小。2.随着疲劳增加,起跳蹬伸阶段的髋、膝、踝关节屈伸范围和角速度、蹬伸冲量逐渐减小,蹬伸时间缩短,从而降低起跳效果。3.随着疲劳增加,落地阶段中足着地及垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻的膝关节屈角减小,会增加前交叉韧带的损伤风险。4.疲劳增加并未对落地阶段的垂直地面反作用力峰值及其加载率产生明显影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: epidemiological studies show that fatigue is an important reason for the decrease of volleyball ability and the increase of injury. The definition of fatigue degree and the index of fatigue are different in previous studies. In this study, fatigue was subdivided into three grades: no fatigue, moderate fatigue and severe fatigue. The biomechanical factors affecting exercise performance and injury were analyzed. To provide theoretical basis for volleyball players to make training plan, in order to obtain better training results and reduce injury. Methods: the subjects were 10 male volleyball players from Beijing physical Education University. In the condition of no fatigue, moderate fatigue and severe fatigue, three vertical takeoff block actions were tested. A high speed infrared motion capture system and a three-dimensional force measuring platform are used to synchronize the kinematics and dynamics data of the subjects. The results showed that the time and height decreased with the increase of fatigue. The evacuation time of severe fatigue was significantly lower than that of no fatigue and moderate fatigue (P0.05). The range of hip flexion and extension was significantly less than that of non-fatigue (P0.05), the range of knee flexion and extension of severe fatigue was significantly smaller than that of non-fatigue (P0. 015), and the range of ankle flexion and extension was significantly smaller than that of moderate fatigue (P0. 012). The time, height, impulse, hip and knee flexion and extension range of moderate and severe fatigue were less than those of non-fatigue state (P0.05); the peak value of ankle flexion and extension, hip and knee angular velocity of severe fatigue were lower than that of non-fatigue and moderate fatigue. The range of flexion and extension of lower extremity joints increases continuously during the period of landing buffer from non-fatigue to moderate fatigue, but decreases after further development from moderate to severe fatigue. The knee flexion angle at the foot landing time and the vGRF peak time has no obvious change. Conclusion: 1. With the increase of fatigue, the range of flexion and extension of hip, knee and ankle decreased gradually. With the increase of fatigue, the range and angular velocity of hip, knee and ankle joint flexion and extension, the impulse of pedal extension and the time of pedal and extension are gradually reduced, thus reducing the effect of take-off. 3. With the increase of fatigue, the knee flexion angle at the peak moment of foot landing and vertical ground reaction decreases, which increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury .4. The increase of fatigue has no obvious effect on the peak value and loading rate of the vertical ground reaction force in the landing stage.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6;G842

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