心理旋转对定向越野识图反应时的影响研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 18:01

【摘要】：当传来熟知的名字的时候,大脑里会呈现出他的模样。这种呈现出的形象在心理学范畴称作心理表象。以此为基础,这种形象又可以进行旋转,心理学家把这种现象称之为心理旋转。定向越野运动是参与者借助指北针和定向越野地图完成的运动,定向越野离不开地图,而定向越野地图是地图产品的一种。随着认知心理学的逐渐成熟,人们更加偏向从信息编辑的角度去研究解释认知过程。定向越野运动应该说是运动员从空间情况里获得信息,并且对这些获得的信息进行分析、加工,从而有效的达到解决问题的目的。本研究通过成型的、专业的心理旋转成套测验对受试者的心理旋转能力进行测验,利用计算机进行快捷、准确的数据分析,根据测试结果进行心理旋转能力的训练,再进行测试反应训练效果。通过一系列的测试及训练,以寻找行之有效的训练方法,从而提高定向越野运动员的心理旋转能力,缩短定向越野比赛时的识图时间。也通过心理旋转能力测验分析被试大学生心理旋转能力的高低,从而对定向越野运动员的选材及训练提供依据,发挥本研究饿价值及意义。本研究选取不同性别的具有定向越野经验(学习过定向越野课程并考试合格者)的被试者进行测试研究。选取实验对象时进行以下过程,首先,在山东师范大学体育学院体育教育专业2014级选修过定向越野课程考试合格并且自愿参加测试的168名学生中选出矫正视力达到5.0、无色盲的被试者。然后,随机选取20名男生、20名女生,组成两个组,每组10名男生、10名女生,一组为实验组,一组为对照组。保证实验组与对照组成员裸眼或矫正视力达到5.0、无色盲、无残疾、无色弱及无精神病史。经过上述过程,最终确定实验组为山东师范大学体育学院2014级体育教育专业选修定向越野专业课并考试合格的学生20人(男10人、女10人);对照组为山东师范大学体育学院2014级体育教育专业选修定向越野专业课并考试合格的学生20人(男10人、女10人)。选取的两组测验对象分别先后进行测验,心理旋转能力测试(前测)、E-prime软件对反应时的测试(前测)、公园定向越野测试(前测)经过教育游戏训练实验组的心理旋转能力,并进行心理旋转能力测试(后测)、E-prime软件对反应时的测试(后测)、公园定向越野测试(后测)。本研究通过对实验结果进行统计与分析处理,从而得出结论:1.对于随机抽取的有过定向越野学习经验的被试大学生群体,不同性别学生的心理旋转能力存在一定差异性,其中男性的心理旋转能力优于女性的心理旋转能力。2.心理旋转能力对于识读定向越野地图的反应时间有明显的影响,其心理旋转能力越强,识图反应时越短。3.心理旋转能力对定向越野成绩有积极的影响。4.教育游戏(点兵点将)对训练者的心理旋转能力会产生影响,教育游戏(点兵点将)训练有助于提高训练者的心理旋转能力。
[Abstract]:When a familiar name comes in, his brain looks like him. The image presented in the category of psychology is called psychological representation. On this basis, this image can be rotated, which psychologists call psychological rotation. Orienteering is a movement completed by participants with the help of a North Needle and a directional cross-country map, which cannot be separated from the map, and the orienteering cross-country map is one of the map products. With the maturity of cognitive psychology, people tend to study the cognitive process from the perspective of information editing. Orienteering cross-country sports should be said to be the athletes from the situation in the space to obtain information, and the information obtained by the analysis, processing, so as to effectively achieve the purpose of solving the problem. In this study, the mental rotation ability of the subjects was tested by a formative, professional mental rotation set test, and the mental rotation ability was trained according to the results of the test by using the computer to carry out quick and accurate data analysis. Then test the effect of reaction training. Through a series of tests and training to find effective training methods to improve the mental rotation ability of orienteering cross-country athletes and shorten the time of map recognition in orienteering cross-country competitions. The mental rotation ability of college students was also analyzed by the mental rotation ability test, so as to provide the basis for the selection and training of orienteering cross-country athletes, and to give play to the value and significance of this study. In this study, subjects with cross-country orienteering experience (those who had overtaken orienteering courses and passed examinations) were selected for the test. The following procedures are performed when selecting the experimental object: first, Among the 168 students who passed the course of orienteering in 2014 of physical Education College of Shandong normal University and volunteered to take part in the test, the subjects with corrected visual acuity of 5.0 and no color blindness were selected. Then, 20 boys and 20 girls were randomly selected into two groups, 10 boys and 10 girls in each group, one group was the experimental group and the other group was the control group. No color blindness, no disability, no color weakness and no history of psychosis. After the above process, the experimental group was determined to be 20 students (10 males, 10 males) who took the orienteering course and passed the examination in the physical Education College of Shandong normal University, Grade 2014. The control group consisted of 20 students (10 males and 10 females) who took orienteering course and passed the examination in 2014 P. E. major of Shandong normal University. The subjects of the two groups were tested successively, including mental rotation ability test (pre-test), E-prime software test on reaction time (pre-test), park orientation cross-country test (pre-test) and psychological rotation ability of experimental group trained by educational games. The mental rotation ability test (post-test), E-prime software test (post-test), park orientation cross-country test (post-test) were carried out. In this study, the experimental results are statistically analyzed and processed, and the conclusions are as follows: 1. There were some differences in mental rotation ability of students of different genders among randomly selected college students with cross-country learning experience, and the mental rotation ability of male students was better than that of female students. 2. The ability of mental rotation has obvious influence on the reaction time of reading orienteering map. The stronger the ability of mental rotation is, the shorter the time of recognizing map is. The mental rotation ability has the positive influence on the orienteering off-road performance. 4. The educational game (point general) has an effect on the mental rotation ability of the trainer, and the training of the educational game will help to improve the mental rotation ability of the trainer.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G826

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