足球比赛负荷评定范式与量度研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 11:56
【摘要】：足球比赛负荷由外部负荷与内部负荷构成,两种负荷形式是共变的统一体,是负荷的内、外两个方面,前者为因,后者为果。两种形式对负荷的表达形式不同,因此其评定范式也不尽相同。外部负荷评价范式主要基于足球项目的专项运动特征,其过程为:首先对能够反映专项特征的所有运动行为方式进行归类,然后对各类活动形式的数量、持续时间、间歇特征等进行度量并进行分析评估。内部负荷的评定范式主要基于比赛中运动员机体的生理生化反应以及能量代谢特征,其过程为:首先采集非正式比赛的生理生化指标,然后根据数据结果对外部负荷导致的机体变化特征进行度量并进行分析评估。前者强调专项的运动形式、后者反映项目的能量代谢特征,二者共同构成了足球项目的运动负荷评定范式,同时也是足球运动员体能训练的基本逻辑起点。通过系统分析表明,只有将内、外负荷评定相结合,定性定量相结合才能更加系统完整的评价比赛负荷。整体上看足球比赛负荷是大强度有氧负荷,其外部负荷表现为:跑动距离9 800~12 000 m,间歇时间为18.8~23.6 s;对应内部负为80‰~85‰HRmax,血乳酸6~13 mmol/L之间。大强度比赛负荷的外部负荷是由爆发性动作构成,中强度负荷由多次有球与对抗下跑动构成,小强度负荷主要由走和慢跑构成,3个强度对应的内部负荷分别为:85%~100%HRmax、血乳酸12~14 mmol/L;75%~84%HRmax,血乳酸8~12mmol/L;55%~74%HRmax,血乳酸在8mmo L/L以下。
[Abstract]:Soccer match load is composed of external load and internal load. The two forms of load are the unity of common change and the internal and external aspects of the load. The former is the cause and the latter is the result. The two forms of load expression are different, so the evaluation paradigm is not the same. The external load evaluation paradigm is mainly based on the special sports characteristics of football events. The process is as follows: firstly, it classifies all the sports behaviors that can reflect the special characteristics, and then it classifies the number and duration of all kinds of activities. The intermittent features are measured and evaluated. The internal load assessment paradigm is mainly based on the physiological and biochemical responses and energy metabolism characteristics of the athletes in the competition. The process is as follows: firstly, the physiological and biochemical indexes of the informal competition are collected. Then according to the data results, the characteristics of the body changes caused by external load are measured and evaluated. The former emphasizes the special sports form, the latter reflects the characteristics of energy metabolism of the project, and both of them constitute the sports load assessment paradigm of the football event, and are also the basic logical starting point of the physical fitness training of the football players. The system analysis shows that only by combining internal and external load assessment and qualitative and quantitative evaluation can the competition load be evaluated more systematically and completely. On the whole, the load of soccer match is a high-intensity aerobic load, the external load is as follows: the running distance is 9 800 ~ 12000 m, the interval time is 18.8 ~ 23.6 s, and the internal negative value is 80 鈥，
本文编号：2270382
[Abstract]:Soccer match load is composed of external load and internal load. The two forms of load are the unity of common change and the internal and external aspects of the load. The former is the cause and the latter is the result. The two forms of load expression are different, so the evaluation paradigm is not the same. The external load evaluation paradigm is mainly based on the special sports characteristics of football events. The process is as follows: firstly, it classifies all the sports behaviors that can reflect the special characteristics, and then it classifies the number and duration of all kinds of activities. The intermittent features are measured and evaluated. The internal load assessment paradigm is mainly based on the physiological and biochemical responses and energy metabolism characteristics of the athletes in the competition. The process is as follows: firstly, the physiological and biochemical indexes of the informal competition are collected. Then according to the data results, the characteristics of the body changes caused by external load are measured and evaluated. The former emphasizes the special sports form, the latter reflects the characteristics of energy metabolism of the project, and both of them constitute the sports load assessment paradigm of the football event, and are also the basic logical starting point of the physical fitness training of the football players. The system analysis shows that only by combining internal and external load assessment and qualitative and quantitative evaluation can the competition load be evaluated more systematically and completely. On the whole, the load of soccer match is a high-intensity aerobic load, the external load is as follows: the running distance is 9 800 ~ 12000 m, the interval time is 18.8 ~ 23.6 s, and the internal negative value is 80 鈥，
本文编号：2270382
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