自行车运动中不同负荷和踏频对下肢肌肉协调模式的影响

发布时间：2018-10-22 08:37

【摘要】：研究目的:通过改变自行车运动中两个比较关键的因素—蹬踏速率和负荷,来探讨其对普通人群下肢肌肉协调模式的影响。具体包括:两种不同的负荷(60W和100W)和四种不同的踏频(自选频率、40rpm、60rpm、90rpm)下人体下肢各主要肌肉所表现出的协调模式的变化。研究方法:本研究的对象为普通在校本科生27人(身高167.34±7.18,体重61.02±8.69)。表面肌电主要测试肌肉包括:臀大肌(Gluteus maximus,GMax)、股直肌(Rectus femoris,RF)、股内侧肌(Vatsus medialis,VM)、股外侧肌(Vatsus lateralis,VL)、股二头肌长头腱(Biceps femoris,BF,long head)、半腱肌(Semitendinosus,ST)、胫骨前肌(Tibialis anterior,TA)、腓肠肌外侧头(Gastrocnemius lateralis,GL)、比目鱼肌(Soleus,SOL)。研究指标包括下肢主要肌肉的激活水平(用RMS表示)、激活开始(burst onset)、结束(burst offset)及激活时长(burst duration)。研究结果:(1)踏频和负荷只对GMax、RF、SOL的激活水平有显著的交互作用(P0.05),GMax的激活水平在高负荷低踏频或低负荷高踏频下明显更高;RF表现为在高负荷低踏频时激活水平更高,并且当踏频较高时,负荷的变化对其激活水平没有了显著性影响;SOL表现为在高负荷低踏频或低负荷高踏频下的激活水平最高(P0.05)。(2)VM、VL、BF、ST只对负荷的变化表现出显著性改变,表现为在高负荷下的激活水平明显更高(P0.05)。(3)GL、TA对踏频和负荷的变化均表现出显著性改变,在高负荷或高踏频下的激活水平明显更高(P0.05)。(4)Gmax、BF在高踏频或高负荷下激活开始的曲柄角度明显提前,且与在高负荷下激活时长明显延长。GL在高踏频下激活开始的曲柄角度明显提前,激活结束明显延后,激活时长明显延长。SOL在高踏频下激活结束的曲柄角度明显延后,激活时长明显延长。(P0.05)。(5)VL负荷和踏频对VL的激活时长有显著交互作用,表现为在低负荷高踏频时激活时长明显延长。(P0.05)。主要结论:(1)负荷的改变对自行车运动中下肢肌肉协调模式有显著的影响,尤其是非专业普通人群下肢双关节肌的激活水平和激活时序在不同条件下均表现出显著的变化,且对负荷的变化敏感,表现为在高负荷激活水平更高。(2)踏频改变对自行车运动中下肢肌肉协调模式的影响主要是建立在一定负荷前提下的,表现为高负荷低踏频或低负荷高踏频时激活水平更高。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the effect of pedal speed and load on the coordination mode of lower extremity muscle in general population by changing two key factors in cycling. It includes: two different loads (60W and 100W) and four different treadmill frequencies (self-selected frequency, 40rpmcr / m, 90rpm), and the change of coordination mode of the main muscles of human lower extremities under different loads (60W and 100W) and four different treadmill frequencies (self-selected frequency, 40rpmtr / m, 90rpm). Methods: the subjects were 27 undergraduates (height 167.34 卤7.18, body weight 61.02 卤8.69). Surface electromyography (EMG) test included gluteus maximus (Gluteus maximus,GMax), rectus femoris (Rectus femoris,RF), medial femoral muscle (Vatsus medialis,VM), lateral femoral muscle (Vatsus lateralis,VL), long head tendon of biceps femoris (Semitendinosus,ST), anterior tibial muscle (Tibialis anterior,TA), lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle (Gastrocnemius lateralis,GL), soleus muscle (Soleus,SOL). The study included the activation level of the main muscles of the lower extremity (expressed in RMS), the activation of (burst onset), ending (burst offset) and the duration of activation of (burst duration). The results were as follows: (1) the activation level of GMax,RF,SOL was significantly affected by frequency and load (P0.05) the activation level of), GMax was significantly higher under high load and low frequency or low load and high frequency, while RF showed higher activation level at high load and low frequency. And when the frequency of treadmill was high, the change of load had no significant effect on the activation level, and SOL showed the highest activation level under high load and low frequency or low load (P0.05). (2) VM,VL,BF,ST only showed significant change on the change of load. The results showed that the activation level at high load was significantly higher (P0.05). (3) GL,TA showed significant changes in frequency and load. The activation level at high load or high treadmill was significantly higher (P0.05). (4) the crank angle of Gmax,BF activation at high frequency or high load was significantly earlier than that at high load, and the activation time at high load was significantly longer than that at high load. The crank angle of activation of GL at high treadmill was significantly earlier than that at high treadmill. The end of activation was delayed, the duration of activation was prolonged, the angle of crank at the end of activation of SOL was obviously delayed, and the duration of activation was significantly prolonged under high tread frequency. (P0.05) VL load and frequency had significant interaction on the duration of activation of VL. The activation time was significantly prolonged at low load and high frequency (P0.05). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the change of load has a significant effect on the coordination mode of lower extremity muscles in bicycle exercise, especially the activation level and timing of biarticular muscles of lower extremities in the non-professional general population showed significant changes under different conditions. And the change of load is sensitive to the change of load. (2) the influence of frequency change on the coordination mode of lower extremity muscles in bicycle exercise is mainly based on the premise of certain load. The activation level is higher at high load and low frequency or low load and high frequency.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G872.3

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