不同运动形式下足底受力与肌电特征分析

发布时间：2018-10-25 13:46

【摘要】：目的:不同运动形式、不同负重、穿不同鞋运动对足部和踝关节冲击各不相同。本文同步应用三维测力台、遥测肌电仪和高速摄像仪;探索不同运动形式、不同负重、穿不同鞋运动过程中,四种运动形式之间(足部地面峰值反作用力和肌电)的大小关系、足触地时间大小关系、胫骨前肌和腓肠与不同鞋之间的相关性。为生活和训练过程中合理使用哪种运动形式、穿哪种鞋更加有利于胫骨前肌和腓肠肌的保护提供相关参考。方法:选取6名西安体育学院体育教育专业学生,首先依次进行5 Km/h走、7 Km/h跑、5 Km/h跨步和5 Km/h上下台阶四种运动形式实验测试;其次分别负重5Kg、10Kg、15Kg、20Kg走、跑、跨步和上下台阶四种运动形式实验测试;最后分别穿运动鞋、登山鞋不负重和分别负重5Kg、10Kg、15Kg、20Kg走、跑、跨步、上下台阶四种运动形式实验测试。通过三维测力台测出地面反作用力,遥测肌电仪测出胫骨前肌和腓肠肌电参数,利用高速摄像仪使三者达到同步。结果:1.足触地时间:裸足情况下,走0.8s、跑0.5s、跨步0.5s、上下台阶0.68s;穿运动鞋情况下,走0.85s、跑0.55s、跨步0.53s、上下台阶0.77s;穿登山鞋情况下,走0.93s、跑0.61s、跨步0.6s、上下台阶0.89s。2.足部地面峰值反作用力:裸足情况下,走1217N、跑1504N、跨步2150N、上下台阶1595N;穿运动鞋情况下,走1252N、跑1595N、跨步1769N、上下台阶1514N。穿登山鞋情况下,走1273N、跑1584N、跨步1878N、上下台阶1516N。3.不同步态下随着负重的增大,部地面峰值反作用力、IEMG和RMS也会增大。4.胫骨前肌IEMG标准化值分别为:裸足情况下;走4.2%、跑4.15%、跨步6.3%、上下台阶6.3%;运动鞋情况下,走4.85%、跑4.65%、跨步4.53%、上下台阶3.6%;登山鞋情况下,走4.3%、跑3.98%、跨步4.48%、上下台阶3.47%。腓肠肌IEMG标准化值分别为:裸足情况下,走4.7%、跑6.1%、跨步7.2%、上下台阶5.3%;运动鞋情况下,走9.8%、跑6%、跨步6.1%、上下台阶8%;登山鞋情况下,走6.2%、跑5.1%、跨步5.1%、上下台阶6.5%。5.胫骨前肌RMS标准化值分别为:穿运动鞋情况下,走7.25%、跑6.33%、跨步7.53%、上下台阶5.37%;登山鞋情况下,走6.3%、跑5.9%、跨步6%、上下台阶5.17%。腓肠肌RMS标准化值分别为:走4%、跑2.9%、跨步2.93%、上下台阶5.6%;登山鞋情况下,走8%、跑8.05%、跨步8%、上下台阶12.2%。结论:1.走、跑、跨步、上下台阶四种运动形式(速度相近)、穿同种鞋(裸足、运动鞋、登山鞋)足部触地时间大小关系为:走上下台阶跑跨步。2.走、跑、跨步、上下台阶四种步态(速度相近)、穿同种鞋(裸足、运动鞋、登山鞋)情况下足部地面峰值反作用力大小关系为:跨步跑上下台阶走;且走、跑上下台阶、跨步足部地面峰值反作用力分别是体重的1.5倍左右、2倍左右、2倍左右、3倍左右。3.足部地面峰值反作用力增大,胫骨前肌和腓肠肌IEMG标准化值呈现无规律的增大或者减小。即,足底峰值压力大小关系与胫骨前肌和腓肠肌IEMG标准化值大小关系无规律。4.穿同种鞋(运动鞋、登山鞋)、走、跑、跨步、上下台阶(速度相近)情况下,穿登山鞋运动要比穿运动鞋运动更有利于保护胫骨前肌,而穿运动鞋运动比穿登山鞋运动更有利于保护腓肠肌。
[Abstract]:Objective: Different sports form, different weight bearing, wearing different shoe movement have different impact on the foot and ankle joint. In this paper, three-dimensional force-measuring platform, telemeter and high-speed camera are used in this paper. The correlation between the anterior tibial muscle and the pertalus and the different shoes. In order to make rational use of the type of movement in the course of life and training, which shoe is more beneficial to the protection of the anterior tibial muscle and the posterior segment of the tibia. Methods: Six students of physical education in Xi 'an Institute of Physical Education were selected, and then 5 Km/ h, 7 Km/ h, 5 Km/ h span and 5 Km/ h steps were carried out in turn. The second was 5Kg, 10Kg, 15Kg and 20Kg, respectively. The experiment tests were carried out in four kinds of motion forms including stride and upper and lower steps. At last, the experiment tests were carried out in four kinds of athletic forms, such as running shoes, climbing shoes, loading 5Kg, 10Kg, 15Kg, 20Kg, running, stride, and up and down steps. The surface reaction force is measured by a three-dimensional force measuring platform, and the electric parameters of the anterior muscle and the lateral wall of the tibia are measured by the telemeter electrometer, and the three-dimensional measuring instrument is utilized to synchronize the three three. Result: 1. Foot contact time: In the case of bare feet, go 0. 8s, run 0. 5s, stride 0. 5s, upper and lower steps 0. 68s; in the case of wearing sports shoes, go 0. 85s, run 0. 55s, stride 0. 53s, upper and lower steps 0. 77s; in case of climbing shoes, go 0. 93s, run 0. 61s, stride 0. 6s, up and down steps 0. 89s. 2. Peak reaction force on foot ground: In case of bare feet, go 1217N, run 1504N, stride 2150N, upper and lower steps 1595N; in case of running shoes, go 1252N, run 1595N, step 1769N, up and down steps 1514N. In the case of climbing shoes, walk 12345N, run 1584N, step 1878N, up and down steps 1516N.3. Under different gait, with the increase of weight, the peak-to-ground reaction force, IEMG and RMS also increased. The normalized values of IEMG in the anterior tibial muscle were: bare feet, 4. 2%, 4. 15%, stride 6. 3%, up and down steps 6. 3%; in the case of sports shoes, 4. 85%, 4. 65%, stride 4. 53%, up and down steps 3. 6%; in the case of climbing shoes, 4. 3%, 3. 98%, stride 4. 48%, Up and down steps 3.47%. in that case of bare foot, 4. 7%, 6. 1%, stride 7. 2%, up and down step 5. 3%; in the case of sports shoes, 9. 8%, 6%, 6. 1%, up and down step 8%; in the case of climbing shoes, walk 6. 2%, run 5. 1%, stride 5. 1%, Up and down steps 6.5%. 5. The RMS normalized values of the anterior tibial muscle were 7. 25%, 6. 33%, 7. 53%, 5.37%, respectively. In the case of climbing shoes, 6. 3%, 5. 9%, stride 6%, and upper and lower steps 5.17% were taken. The RMS normalized values were: 4%, 2. 9%, stride 2.93%, upper and lower steps 5. 6%, climbing shoes, 8%, 8. 05%, stride 8%, up and down steps 1.2%. Conclusion: 1. Walk, run, stride, up and down steps four kinds of motion form (similar speed), wear the same pair of shoes (bare feet, sports shoes, mountaineering shoes) foot contact time size relationship is: go to the lower step to run stride. 2. Walk, run, stride, upper and lower steps four gait (similar speed), wear the same pair of shoes (bare feet, sports shoes, mountaineering shoes) under the condition that the foot ground peak reaction force magnitude relation is: stride the upper and lower steps; and go, run up and down steps, Cross-step foot ground peak counterforce is about 1.5 times the body weight, about 2 times, about 2 times, about 3 times. The peak-to-ground reaction force on the foot of the foot increased, and the normalized values of the anterior and inferior tibial muscles of the tibia showed an irregular increase or decrease. In other words, the relationship between the peak pressure of the sole and the normalized value of IEMG in the anterior tibial muscle and the tibial muscle was irregular. In the case of wearing shoes (sports shoes, hiking shoes), walking, running, stride, up and down steps (similar in speed), wearing hiking shoes is more conducive to protecting the anterior muscle of the tibia than wearing sports shoes, while the sport of wearing sports shoes is more beneficial to protecting the tibia than wearing the mountaineering shoes.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6

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