第15届田径世锦赛男子三级跳远冠军泰勒的助跑特征研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 19:04

【摘要】：以二维录像分析、专家访谈、数理统计等研究方法,对平跳型三级跳远助跑技术进行研究,区分运动技术类型,揭示助跑技术的节奏特点及规律,深化对项目本质与特征认识,为提高训练的科学化水平提供有益借鉴。研究结果:1)倒7~倒1步相邻步长变化幅度分别为1 cm、5 cm、2 cm、22 cm、3 cm、24 cm;倒4~倒1步的相邻单步之间用时差异非常显著(P0.01)。2)助跑倒7~倒1步平均速度11.02 m/s,倒2步速度最慢(10.40 m/s),倒1步达速度峰值(11.94 m/s);倒2步重心着地速度是唯一与运动成绩高度相关且变异系数相对较大的参量(r=0.955,P0.01)。3)助跑倒2~倒1步着地和离地角度变化区间分别为80.33?~83.83?、59.67?~64?;倒2步腾起角度2.38?,倒1步则基本保持水平(-0.16?)。4)6次试跳踏板均值17 cm,趾板距离与倒2步着地速度(r=-0.855,P0.05)、步长(r=0.826,P0.05)显著相关。研究结论:1)助跑倒4步是平跳型三级跳远节奏调整的临界点;倒3~2步参数变异性最大,是助跑节奏控制的重点与难点。2)助跑倒3~倒1步"中-长-短"时间节奏与"中-大-小"步幅节奏相搭配是创造优异成绩的理想模式。3)稳定倒3~倒1步速度节奏、保持倒2步速度的绝对优势并提高倒1步速度的利用率是提高助跑速度实效性的关键环节。4)助跑支撑阶段的缓冲动作实际上是膝、踝关节的共同作用,蹬伸动作是以踝关节蹬伸为主导,膝关节则保持"屈蹬"方式。"快步频、大着地角、小离地角、屈蹬、低腾空"是倒2~1步基本技术特点。5)80?~85?的着地角度与56?~61?的离地角度相搭配利于减少助跑制动阻力、保持水平速度,但能否对比赛成绩起决定性作用还要取决于运动员的蹬伸与摆动能力。6)倒2步步长和速度是踏板效果的重要影响因素,提高踏板准确性有助于提高竞技水平。
[Abstract]:By means of two-dimensional video analysis, expert interview, mathematical statistics and other research methods, this paper studies the run-up technique of the level jump type triple jump, differentiates the types of sports techniques, reveals the rhythm and regularity of the run-up technique, and deepens the understanding of the essence and characteristics of the project. To improve the scientific level of training to provide useful reference. The results are as follows: 1) the variation range of adjacent step size from 7 to 1 step is 1 cm,5 cm,2 cm,22 cm,3 cm,24 cm;, respectively. The time difference between the two steps was very significant (P0.01). 2) the average speed of 7 ~ 1 step run-up was 11.02 m / s, and the second step was the slowest (10.40 m / s). One step backward reached the peak velocity (11.94 m / s); The velocity of the center of gravity landing is the only parameter which is highly related to the performance of the movement and the coefficient of variation is relatively large (r = 0.955 / P0.01). 3) the range of the angle of landing and leaving the ground is 80.33 and 83.83, respectively. (59.67) Acanthophane; The average pedal distance of 6 test steps was 17 cm, and the landing speed of the two steps was 0. 855m (P 0.05), and the step length was 0. 826, and the step length was 0. 826. P 0.05). The conclusions are as follows: 1) the four steps of run-up are the critical points for adjusting the rhythm of the horizontal triple jump; The maximum parameter variability was found in the two steps. It is the key point and difficulty of run-up rhythm control. 2) the middle long short time rhythm and middle big small stride rhythm are ideal models to create excellent results. Keeping the absolute advantage of the reverse 2 step speed and improving the utilization rate of the backward 1 step speed are the key links to improve the effectiveness of the run-up speed. 4) the buffer action in the run-up support stage is actually the joint action of knee and ankle joint. The movement of pedal and extension is dominated by the extension of the ankle joint, while the knee joint maintains the "bending and pedal" mode. " Fast step frequency, large landing angle, small angle away from the ground, bending pedaling, low venting "is the basic technical characteristic of the inverted 2 steps. 5) 80? The angle of landing to the ground and the angle of landing to 56? The angle from the ground can reduce the resistance of the run-up brake and keep the horizontal speed. However, whether it can play a decisive role in the performance of the competition depends on the ability of the athletes to push, stretch and swing. 6) the step length and speed are the important factors affecting the effect of the pedal, and improving the accuracy of the pedal is helpful to improve the competitive level.
【作者单位】：山东师范大学体育学院;国家体育总局体育科学研究所;闽南师范大学体育学院;北京体育大学;
【基金】：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目(基本16-34)
【分类号】：G823.4

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