大学生短跑运动员赛前减量训练的特征与方案设计研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 14:47

【摘要】：赛前减量训练是指,在预定时间内降低运动员生理和心理压力的同时继续提高运动员之前训练获得的身体适应和训练适应,促使运动员适时达到高峰竞技状态。赛前训练计划的成功制定与执行能直接决定运动员的竞技水平的发挥。其训练时间、训练方法、训练负荷以及训练内容的选择,对赛前训练的效果具有决定性的影响。所以研究大学生短跑运动员赛前减量训练的方案设计,对大学生短跑项目的训练发展具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。本文的研究方法主要选用:文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法,对高校大学生短跑运动员赛前训练时间、训练负荷特征、训练密度安排、训练内容的选取、训练方法手段等方面进行调查与分析。找出目前大学生田径短跑运动员赛前训练特征以及问题,并在此基础上提出参考性意见。通过分析调查数据得出以下结论:1.大学生短跑运动员赛前减量时间一般控制在4-7天,训练课时间约为90-120分钟,一般提前2-4天抵达比赛地点,赛前调整时间较短,一般在前往比赛地前2-3天上一个高强度训练课,在前往比赛地途中积极修整1-2天;2.大学生短跑运动员赛前训练负荷量的安排中,周训练课4-7次。赛前减量训练阶段的专项训练强度应控制在为85%-95%之间;3.大学生短跑运动员一般采用“直线式”和“阶梯式”赛前减量方法,一般遵循减少训练量,提高负荷强度,减量训练期负荷量约为平时训练量的60%-70%,负荷强度一般控制在最大心率的95%左右;4.大学生短跑运动员赛前减量训练的负荷量、负荷密度、负荷强度安排应是,“低”负荷量;“中—低”负荷密度;“中—高”负荷强度。周训练课频率4-7次。
[Abstract]:Pre-competition reduction training is to reduce the physiological and psychological pressure of athletes in a predetermined time while continuing to improve the physical adaptation and training adaptation of athletes before training so as to promote athletes to reach the peak competitive state at the right time. The successful formulation and execution of pre-competition training plan can directly determine the athletic level of athletes. The choice of training time, training method, training load and training content has a decisive effect on the effect of pre-competition training. Therefore, the study of the program design of pre-competition reduced training for college sprinters has certain reference and reference value for the training and development of college students sprint events. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: literature, questionnaire, expert interview, mathematical statistics, training time, training load characteristics, training density arrangement, training content selection for college students sprinters. The training methods and methods are investigated and analyzed. This paper finds out the characteristics and problems of pre-competition training of college students sprinters, and puts forward some suggestions on this basis. The conclusions are as follows: 1. College sprinters usually limit their pre-competition time to 4-7 days, and the training time is about 90-120 minutes. They generally arrive at the competition place 2-4 days earlier. The adjustment time before the race is relatively short. Generally go to the game before 2-3 sky a high-intensity training class, on the way to the game to actively repair 1-2 days; 2. In the arrangement of pre-competition training load of college sprinters, 4-7 weekly training sessions. The intensity of special training should be controlled between 85% and 95%. College sprinters generally adopt the methods of "straight line" and "step by step" to reduce the amount of training and increase the intensity of the training. The load during the training period is about 60-70 percent of the normal amount of training. The load intensity is generally controlled at about 95% of the maximum heart rate. 4. The arrangement of load, load density and load intensity of college sprinters should be "low" load, "medium-low" load density, "medium-high" load intensity. Weekly training frequency 4-7 times.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G822.1

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