我国步枪射击运动员中级选材指标体系的构建研究

发布时间：2018-11-02 08:37

【摘要】：研究目的:中国射击队所取得的成绩离不开各个省队的人才输送。培养各省市的后备人才力量离不开科学的选材体系。目前我国还没有针对步枪射击运动员的全面的、完善的中级选材指标体系研究,大部分都集中在运动员的心理选材方面。通过对步枪射击运动员的选材指标进行系统的研究和调查,初步建立起我国步枪射击运动员中级选材的综合指标体系,为我国培养出更多的人才后备力量,为步枪射击项目的人才发展提供有力保障。研究方法:本研究通过文献资料法、特尔菲法、数理统计等方法结合步枪射击运动的项目特点和专家的意见,确定各级选材指标及权重。研究结果:(1)通过对射击运动项目的深入分析,在结合其运动项目特点和运动员科学选材等理论知识探究的基础之上,构建了一个完整的针对步枪射击运动员中级选材的指标体系,将理论知识付诸于实践之中。射击运动员中级选材指标的体系由身体形态、机能、身体素质、运动心理与智能、运动专项5个一级指标;长度、身体成分、呼吸机能、心血管机能、神经机能、力量、耐力、关节活动度、平衡、运动心理能力、个性特征、实弹能力、教练员评价等13个二级指标;以及评价步枪射击运动员选材的42个三级指标构成。其中手长、上肢长、肩宽、髋宽、体重、BMI指数和体脂肪率是步枪射击运动员的身体形态指标;肺活量、肺活量体重指数、心功能指数、脉压差、安静心率、台阶试验、神经活动类型、迷走神经调节系统影响因数和交感神经调节系统影响因数是步枪射击运动员的机能指标;背肌力量、平板支撑、握力、屈臂悬垂、3000米/1500米、20秒反复横跨、1分钟跳绳、肩关节柔韧、坐位体前屈、纵向踩木和闭目单脚站立是步枪射击运动员的身体素质指标;平均反应时、肌肉用力感、九洞仪、线条追踪、气质类型、智商和情商是步枪射击运动员的运动心理与智能指标;最好成绩、气步枪60/40发、运持枪平稳性、瞄扣协调一致性、意志品质、自我控制能力和接受能力是步枪射击运动员的运动专项指标。(2)通过三轮问卷的调查,整理、统计和分析各级指标的重要程度以及各个专家打分情况,将各个指标按照重要程度进行排序。一级各个指标所占权重依次为运动心理与智能、运动专项、身体素质、机能和身体形态。二级各个指标所占权重依次为身体成分、心血管机能、耐力、平衡、运动心理能力、教练员评价,所占权重值比较高的三级指标有髋宽、体脂肪率、BMI指数、肺活量、安静心率、台阶试验、神经活动类型、平板支撑、3000米/1500米、肩关节柔韧、闭目单脚站立、肌肉用力感、气步枪60/40发、运持枪平稳性等。研究结论:(1)构建了我国步枪射击运动员中级选材指标体系,包括身体形态、机能、身体素质、运动心理与智能、运动专项,适用于我国步枪射击运动员中级科学选材。(2)确立了步枪射击运动员中级选材指标体系的权重。在我国步枪射击运动员选材中应侧重手长、BMI指数、肺活量、安静心率、神经活动类型、核心力量、有氧耐力、纵向踩木、肌肉用力感、气质类型、实弹能力、运持枪平稳性和瞄扣协调一致性等指标。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: The results achieved by the China Shooting Team cannot be separated from the talents of the provincial teams. To train the reserve talents of all provinces and cities is inseparable from the scientific material selection system. At present, our country has not focused on the comprehensive, perfect middle-level material selection index system research of rifle shooting athletes, and most of them focus on the athlete's psychological material selection. Through the systematic research and investigation of the material selection index of rifle shooting athletes, the comprehensive index system of middle-level material selection of rifle shooting athletes in China is preliminarily established, and more talents and talents are trained to provide powerful guarantee for the talent development of rifle shooting projects. Methods: This study combined with the project features and experts' opinions of rifle firing movement by literature, Delphi method, mathematical statistics and so on, and then determined the material selection indicators and weights at all levels. The research results: (1) Through in-depth analysis of shooting sports items, based on the research on the characteristics of sports items and the selection of athletes' scientific materials, a complete index system for middle-level material selection of rifle shooting athletes has been constructed. Put theoretical knowledge into practice. The system of middle-level material selection indicators of shooters is composed of five primary indexes of body shape, function, physical quality, sports psychology and intelligence, sports, length, body composition, respiratory function, cardiovascular function, nerve function, strength, endurance, joint motion, balance, There are 13 second-level indicators such as sports psychological ability, personality characteristics, real-play ability and coach evaluation, and 42 three-level indicators for evaluating the material selection of rifle shooting athletes. wherein the length of the hand, the length of the upper limb, the width of the shoulder, the width of the hip, the body weight, the BMI index and the body fat percentage are the body shape indexes of the rifle shooting athlete; the vital capacity, the vital capacity body weight index, the heart function index, the pulse pressure difference, the quiet heart rate, the step test and the nerve activity type, the influence factors of the vagal regulation system and the influence factors of the sympathetic nervous system are the function indexes of the rifle shooting athlete, the back muscle strength, the flat support, the holding force, the bending arm hanging, 3000 meters/ 1500 meters, the 20 seconds repeated crossing, 1 minute walking, the shoulder joint is flexible, the front buckling of the seat body, The vertical stepping wood and the closed-eye single-leg stand are the physical quality indexes of the rifle shooting athlete; when the average reaction time, the muscle force feeling, the nine-hole instrument, the line tracking, the temperament type, the intelligence quotient and the intelligence quotient are the movement psychology and the intelligent index of the rifle shooting athlete; the best result is that the air rifle is 60/ 40, The quality, self-control ability and acceptance ability of the gun are the sport special indicators of rifle shooting athletes. (2) through the investigation, arrangement, statistics and analysis of the three-wheel questionnaire, the importance of the indicators at all levels, as well as the scoring situation of each expert, shall be sorted according to the importance degree. The weight of each index in the first level is sports psychology and intelligence, sports specialty, physical quality, function and body shape. The weight of each index in the second level is the body composition, the cardiovascular function, the endurance, the balance, the sports psychological ability, the coach evaluation, the three-level index which occupies the high weight value, the hip width, the body fat rate, the BMI index, the vital capacity, the quiet heart rate, the step test, the nerve activity type, Flat support, 3000m/ 1500m, shoulder joint flexible, closed eye single foot standing, muscle force feeling, air rifle 60/ 40 hair, transporting gun stability and so on. Research conclusions: (1) It constructs the index system of middle-level material selection of rifle shooter in China, including body shape, function, physical constitution, sports psychology and intelligence, sport special, and it is suitable for middle-level scientific material selection of rifle shooting athletes in China. and (2) establishing the weight of the middle-level material selection index system of the rifle shooting athlete. It should focus on the indexes such as hand length, BMI index, vital capacity, quiet heart rate, nerve activity type, core strength, aerobic endurance, longitudinal stepping wood, muscle force feeling, air quality type, real-time capability, gun stability and coordination consistency of sight buckle.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G871.2

【相似文献】