跳跃项目运动员运动损伤预防训练方法的应用研究
发布时间：2018-11-03 19:31
【摘要】：身体功能训练(Physical Functional Training)作为一种新兴的训练理念在竞技体育的应用价值日益得到肯定和重视,在对运动员功能动作筛查(FMS)的基础上进行较为科学合理的分析和诊断,及时发现运动员存在的薄弱环节,有目的、有针对性的进行个性化的训练,能有效的改善运动员不良和错误的动作模式,提高运动员自身的稳定性、灵活性和平衡性,优化机体动力链的传递,提高运动员的竞技表现能力,进而达到挖掘运动潜力、延长运动寿命、预防运动损伤的目的。运动损伤一直是制约我国高校竞技体育持续发展的问题之一,本文针对此问题运用文献资料法、实地观察法、数理统计法和比较分析法对武汉体育学院跳远训练队的身体功能损伤预防训练方法进行分析整理,研究得出以下结论:(1)训练前跳远运动员的功能动作筛查(FMS)平均值为13.57分,训练中FMS得分的平均值为15.71分,比训练前提高了2.14分;训练后FMS得分的平均值为17.14分,比训练中测的均值提高了1.43分,比训练前提高了3.57分。说明跳远运动员身体的基本运动功能得到有效的提高,错误和不良的动作模式得到积极的改善,运动损伤的几率有所降低。(2)训练前跳远运动员的30米加速跑平均值为3.82秒,立定三级跳的平均值为7.59米,原地侧向推铅球的平均值为7.63米,训练中测中三项成绩的平均值分别为3.76秒、7.77米、7.91米,比训练前测的均值分别提高了0.06秒、0.16米和0.28米;训练后测中三项成绩的平均值分别为3.7秒、7.89米、8.25米,比训练中测均值分别提高了0.06秒、0.12米和0.34米,比训练前测均值分别提高了0.12秒、0.28米和0.62米。(3)身体功能损伤预防训练中的软组织激活主要以泡沫轴、按摩棒、花生球和垒球的激活为主;躯干支柱力量练习围绕人体的前侧、后侧、左右两侧肌群在不同练习阶段设计的动态静态的练习为主;臀肌激活主要利用弹力带设计不同阶段的行进走、交叉走练习为主;动态拉伸主要以拉伸整体肌群的动静态动作为主;动作整合以不同阶段的踏步走、垫步走和交叉走练习为主;神经激活以不同阶段的踏跳、单脚踏跳以及交叉跳为主。(4)身体功能损伤预防训练体系的安排原则主要通过单个训练动作的负荷安排体现的,主要表现为由易到难、由静态到动态、由稳定到不稳定,通过延长支撑时间、增加行进距离、增加外界阻力和增加动作的不稳定性不平衡性来实现整体的负荷控制。
[Abstract]:As a new training concept, the application value of body function training (Physical Functional Training) in competitive sports has been recognized and valued day by day. On the basis of screening (FMS) for athletes' functional movements, it is scientifically and reasonably analyzed and diagnosed. Timely discovery of weak links in athletes, purposeful, targeted and individualized training can effectively improve athletes' bad and wrong movement patterns, improve their own stability, flexibility and balance, In order to optimize the transmission of the body's power chain and improve the athletes' competitive performance ability, the aim of excavating the sports potential, prolonging the sports life and preventing the sports injury can be achieved. Sports injury has been one of the problems restricting the sustainable development of competitive sports in colleges and universities in China. Mathematical statistics and comparative analysis were used to analyze and sort out the methods of physical function injury prevention training of the long jump training team of Wuhan Institute of physical Education. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the average (FMS) of the long jump athletes before training is 13.57, and the average FMS score is 15.71, which is 2.14 points higher than that before training; The average FMS score after training was 17.14, which was 1.43 points higher than that measured in training, and 3.57 points higher than that before training. It shows that the basic sports function of the long jumpers has been effectively improved, and the mistakes and bad movement patterns have been positively improved. (2) before training, the average value of 30-meter acceleration run was 3.82 seconds, the average of standing three-level jump was 7.59 meters, and the average value of in-situ lateral shot put was 7.63 meters. The average values of the three items were 3.76 seconds, 7.77 meters and 7.91 meters respectively, which were 0.06 seconds, 0.16 meters and 0.28 meters higher than those measured before training. The average values of the three items were 3.7 seconds, 7.89 meters and 8.25 meters, respectively, which were 0.06 seconds, 0.12 meters and 0.34 meters higher than the average values of training, and 0.12 seconds higher than those before training, respectively. 0.28 m and 0.62 m. (3) the activation of soft tissue in physical function injury prevention training mainly consisted of foam axis, massage stick, peanut ball and softball. The dynamic and static exercises designed by the muscle groups of the right and left sides around the front and back sides of the human body are mainly used in the exercise of trunk pillar strength, and the gluteal muscle activation mainly uses the elastic band to design the different stages of walking, and the cross walking exercise is the main exercise. Dynamic stretching is mainly composed of dynamic and dynamic movements of the whole muscle group, and the integration of the movement is based on the step walk, the pad walk and the cross walk exercise in different stages. Neural activation is mainly composed of treadle, single foot and cross jump in different stages. (4) the principle of training system for prevention of physical function injury is mainly embodied by the load arrangement of single training action, which mainly shows from easy to difficult. From static to dynamic, from stability to instability, the overall load control is realized by prolonging the support time, increasing the travel distance, increasing the external resistance and increasing the instability unbalance of the movement.
【学位授予单位】：武汉体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R873;G823.3
本文编号：2308770
[Abstract]:As a new training concept, the application value of body function training (Physical Functional Training) in competitive sports has been recognized and valued day by day. On the basis of screening (FMS) for athletes' functional movements, it is scientifically and reasonably analyzed and diagnosed. Timely discovery of weak links in athletes, purposeful, targeted and individualized training can effectively improve athletes' bad and wrong movement patterns, improve their own stability, flexibility and balance, In order to optimize the transmission of the body's power chain and improve the athletes' competitive performance ability, the aim of excavating the sports potential, prolonging the sports life and preventing the sports injury can be achieved. Sports injury has been one of the problems restricting the sustainable development of competitive sports in colleges and universities in China. Mathematical statistics and comparative analysis were used to analyze and sort out the methods of physical function injury prevention training of the long jump training team of Wuhan Institute of physical Education. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the average (FMS) of the long jump athletes before training is 13.57, and the average FMS score is 15.71, which is 2.14 points higher than that before training; The average FMS score after training was 17.14, which was 1.43 points higher than that measured in training, and 3.57 points higher than that before training. It shows that the basic sports function of the long jumpers has been effectively improved, and the mistakes and bad movement patterns have been positively improved. (2) before training, the average value of 30-meter acceleration run was 3.82 seconds, the average of standing three-level jump was 7.59 meters, and the average value of in-situ lateral shot put was 7.63 meters. The average values of the three items were 3.76 seconds, 7.77 meters and 7.91 meters respectively, which were 0.06 seconds, 0.16 meters and 0.28 meters higher than those measured before training. The average values of the three items were 3.7 seconds, 7.89 meters and 8.25 meters, respectively, which were 0.06 seconds, 0.12 meters and 0.34 meters higher than the average values of training, and 0.12 seconds higher than those before training, respectively. 0.28 m and 0.62 m. (3) the activation of soft tissue in physical function injury prevention training mainly consisted of foam axis, massage stick, peanut ball and softball. The dynamic and static exercises designed by the muscle groups of the right and left sides around the front and back sides of the human body are mainly used in the exercise of trunk pillar strength, and the gluteal muscle activation mainly uses the elastic band to design the different stages of walking, and the cross walking exercise is the main exercise. Dynamic stretching is mainly composed of dynamic and dynamic movements of the whole muscle group, and the integration of the movement is based on the step walk, the pad walk and the cross walk exercise in different stages. Neural activation is mainly composed of treadle, single foot and cross jump in different stages. (4) the principle of training system for prevention of physical function injury is mainly embodied by the load arrangement of single training action, which mainly shows from easy to difficult. From static to dynamic, from stability to instability, the overall load control is realized by prolonging the support time, increasing the travel distance, increasing the external resistance and increasing the instability unbalance of the movement.
【学位授予单位】：武汉体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R873;G823.3
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 何凤鸣;郭立亚;;功能性动作筛查(FMS)在体育领域的应用现状[J];文体用品与科技;2017年13期
，本文编号：2308770
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