从角色集视角透视上海市高校女教师体育健身现状

发布时间：2018-11-04 17:55

【摘要】：《体育发展“十三五”规划》中指出,建设健康中国、全民健身上升为国家战略,不断满足广大人民群众对健康更高层次的需求,进一步营造崇尚运动、全民健身的良好氛围,推动体育融入生活,培育健康绿色生活方式,有效提高全民族健康水平。我们小康社会体育事业的发展,离不开女性的参与。高校女性教师撑起了学校的“半边天”,为培养和造就适应社会经济发展的人才和学校的发展辛勤耕耘。高校女教师身兼家庭角色和职业角色等多重角色,与此对应的是多重角色期望和角色任务,而这些期望和任务都会引起角色冲突,使她们承受较大的压力,影响她们的健康,进而影响生活质量和工作效率。在大都市快节奏的生活中,健康显得更加重要。高校女教师要在生活和工作中扮演好自己的角色,必须要有健康的身体,参加体育健身就是增进健康的一剂良药。本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、实地考察法、数理统计法,从角色集视角透视上海市高校女教师体育健身现状,分析影响她们体育健身的因素,最后提出相应的对策和建议,使高校女教师积极参与到体育健身的活动中来,增进健康,从而更好的工作和生活。研究结果表明:1.上海市高校女教师的健康状况并不乐观,不同年龄段的女教师身兼角色多、角色期待和角色任务多,相应的压力就大,导致角色冲突的现象,影响了其身心健康和体育健身活动的参与,且其对体育运动动机的选择表现出阶段性和倾向性,体育健身兴趣有待提高。2.上海市高校女教师体育健身的时间段与其所处的年龄段扮演角色相关,不同年龄段的上海市高校女教师体育健身的时间段和健身持续时间各异,以中等强度为主,电视、网络是其获取体育健身信息的最主要途径。3.上海市高校女教师的体育健身组织形式以“与朋友”和“与家人”为主,选择的运动项目主要集中于简单和经济型、以“跑步和散步”为主,不同年龄段女教师对健身项目的选择上限制了其运动范围,且加重了社会和男性对其运动角色的传统认知,体育活动场所的选择呈现就近性、以“本校体育场和公园、广场”为主。4.上海市高校女教师的体育消费水平不高,多为实物消费,不同年龄段上海市高校女教师体育消费用途差别较小,社区体育场地基本能满足上海市高校女教师的健身需求,但其社区体育参与比例及利用率较低,且社会体育指导员对其健身的指导不够,社区体育健身宣传不到位。5.上海市高校女教师参与体育健身的首要影响因素是强身健体,不同年龄段女教师参与体育健身的主要影响因素呈现差异性,没时间、工作忙、家务重、缺乏场地和不懂健身方法是影响其不参与体育健身的主要因素。
[Abstract]:In the 13th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development, it was pointed out that in building a healthy China, national fitness has risen to a national strategy, constantly meeting the needs of the broad masses for higher levels of health, and further creating a good atmosphere of advocating sports and keeping fit for the whole people. Promote the integration of sports into life, foster a healthy green lifestyle, effectively improve the health level of the whole nation. The development of our well-off society sports cause, cannot leave the female participation. Female teachers in colleges and universities support the "half the sky" of the school and work hard to cultivate and bring up talents adapted to the social and economic development and the development of the school. Women teachers in colleges and universities have multiple roles, such as family role and professional role, which correspond to multiple role expectations and role tasks, and these expectations and tasks will lead to role conflicts, which will make them suffer greater pressure and affect their health. And then affect the quality of life and work efficiency. Health is all the more important in the fast pace of life in big cities. In order to play a good role in life and work, female teachers in colleges and universities must have a healthy body. Taking part in physical exercise is a good medicine to improve their health. Based on the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, field investigation and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the present situation of female college teachers' physical fitness in Shanghai from the perspective of role set, and analyzes the factors that affect their physical fitness. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so that female teachers in colleges and universities can actively participate in the activities of physical fitness, improve their health, and then work and live better. The results show that: 1. The health status of female college teachers in Shanghai is not optimistic. Women teachers of different ages have more roles, more role expectations and role tasks, so the corresponding pressure will be great, leading to the phenomenon of role conflict. It affects their physical and mental health and the participation of physical fitness activities, and their choice of sports motivation shows the stage and tendency, and the interest of sports fitness needs to be improved. 2. The period of physical fitness of female college teachers in Shanghai is related to their age playing role. The time and duration of physical fitness of female college teachers in Shanghai are different in different age groups, mainly of moderate intensity. Network is the most important way to get the information of physical fitness. The main forms of sports organization for female college teachers in Shanghai are "with friends" and "with family", and the sports items chosen are mainly simple and economical, mainly "running and walking". Female teachers of different ages restrict their sports scope and increase their traditional cognition of their sports roles. The choice of sports venues is closer to the local school's stadium and park. The main square. 4. The sports consumption level of female college teachers in Shanghai is not high, most of them are physical consumption. There is little difference in the use of sports for female college teachers in Shanghai at different ages, and the community sports venues can basically meet the fitness needs of female teachers in Shanghai colleges and universities. However, the proportion and utilization rate of community sports participation is low, and the guidance of social sports instructors to their fitness is not enough, and the community sports fitness propaganda is not in place. The main influencing factors of female teachers' participation in physical fitness in Shanghai are physical fitness. The main influencing factors of female teachers' participation in physical fitness of different age groups are different, lack of time, busy work and heavy housework. Lack of space and lack of understanding of fitness methods are the main factors affecting their non-participation in physical fitness.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G812.4

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