网球初学者双手同时学习的实验研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 15:55

【摘要】：在动作技能丰富多变的网球运动中,两侧肢体的协同参与对于任何一个技术动作的完成都具有十分重要的意义。在篮球、铅球、毽球等多种项目训练经验中总结出:当一侧肢体习得一种运动技能之后,对侧肢体相应在掌握这项技能时会变得轻松、快速,这种现象即为运动技能的两侧性迁移现象。在网球项目中,对该现象的研究并不多见,尤其是弱侧手击球训练方面文献较少,且仅限于针对有一定基础的对象进行补充性的弱侧手训练。因此,研究意在运用运动技能两侧性迁移理论,设计新的网球教学方法,为从事网球初学者教学训练的教师和教练提供参考。研究运用文献资料法、实验法等方法,以无网球学习经验的学员为调查对象,实验组的训练则是在告知学员忘掉利手概念的前提下首先进行非利手的学习,非利手侧和利手侧的练习时间相同均为整体训练时间的一半,且实验组练习内容和进度与对照组相同。32课时后,对实验组和对照组分别进行正、反手击球深度测试、精确度测试以及正反手截击深度测试,得到两组的成绩后,采用独立样本t检验的统计方法,分析实验组和对照组学生网球技能习得水平的差异,得出如下结论:1.双手同时学习中所主要涉及的两侧迁移教法对于学生非利手侧肢体的主动学习,对提高利手侧肢体的正手击球技术水平和反手击球技术水平具有积极作用;双手同时学习对于利手侧的双手反拍技术能力的提升效果高于其对于正手技术能力的提升,且在双手反拍的学习之前进行的非利手正手技术动作学习加快了利手侧双手反拍技术动作的学习速度,加深了对技术结构的理解,一定程度上提高了技术动作的质量;2.两侧迁移教法可以使左右脑得到均衡发展,提高大脑的开发程度,促进学生身体素质的全面协调发展、增强技术动作的合理性和规范性,从而提高各技术动作的水平;3.在网球教学中采用双手同时学习(两侧迁移教学法)在训练过程中提升了非利手侧大脑的兴奋程度,在两侧转换过程当中,可以使一侧的肌肉和神经得到有效的休息,进而保证后续的任务质量,让学生时刻都可以保证良好的训练态度和状态,对于减少运动损伤出现的概率有积极意义;
[Abstract]:In tennis with rich and varied movement skills, the cooperative participation of both limbs is of great significance to the completion of any technical action. In the training experience of basketball, shot put, shuttlecock and so on, it has been concluded that when one side of the body acquires a motor skill, the contralateral limb will become relaxed and quick in mastering this skill accordingly. This phenomenon is the phenomenon of bilateral migration of motor skills. In tennis, the research on this phenomenon is rare, especially in the field of weak side stroke training, and is limited to the supplementary weak side hand training for the objects with certain foundation. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to design a new tennis teaching method based on the theory of bilateral transfer of motor skills, and to provide reference for teachers and coaches engaged in teaching and training of tennis beginners. Using the methods of literature, experiment and so on, the study took the students who had no tennis learning experience as the object of investigation. The training of the experimental group was based on the premise of telling the students to forget the concept of the handheld. The training time of both the non-hand side and the hand side was half of the whole training time, and the training content and progress of the experimental group were the same as those of the control group. 32 hours later, the positive and backhand batting depth tests were carried out in the experimental group and the control group, respectively. After getting the results of the two groups, using the statistical method of independent sample t test, the differences of tennis skill acquisition level between the experimental group and the control group were analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained: 1. The bilateral transfer teaching method which is mainly involved in the simultaneous learning of both hands plays a positive role in the active learning of the students' non-hand side limbs and in improving the forehand and backhand stroke skills of the forehand and backhand limbs. At the same time, both hands learn to improve the technical ability of both hands on the side of the hand more effectively than the forehand. And the study of forehand technical action of non-sharp forehand before the study of backhand of hands speeds up the learning speed of technical action of backhand on the side of the hand, deepens the understanding of technical structure, and improves the quality of technical action to a certain extent. 2. Bilateral transfer teaching method can make the left and right brain balanced development, improve the degree of brain development, promote the overall and coordinated development of students' physical quality, enhance the rationality and standardization of technical actions, and thus improve the level of each technical action; 3. In tennis teaching, using both hands to learn simultaneously (bilateral transfer teaching method) in the process of training to improve the brain excitement, in the process of bilateral conversion, can make the muscles and nerves on one side of the effective rest. Then ensure the quality of subsequent tasks, so that students can always ensure good training attitude and state, to reduce the probability of sports injury has a positive significance;
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G845

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