国内外学校体育研究热点与发展特征分析

发布时间：2018-11-06 17:06

【摘要】：随着体育科研的不断创新和学校体育的飞速发展,当今世界不少国家的学校体育研究取得了举世瞩目的成果,但是不同国家、不同地区之间的学校体育发展水平还存在差异。回顾我国的学校体育发展历程,纵观国外在学校体育研究领域的成功经验,我们发现要真正实现提高青少年体质、实现全民终身体育的目标,中国学校体育科研工作者任重而道远。本研究将1985-2014年期间Web of Science数据库和CNKI数据库中搜索的有关学校体育相关文章作为数据来源,借助软件Cite Space III作为研究工具,分别从知识基础和研究热点来对国内外学校体育进行可视化对比分析,明确国内外学校体育发展的差异,并借鉴国外先进的学校体育发展经验,为国内学校体育更好的发展提出建议和对策。通过本研究得出以下结论:第一,回顾我国近三十年学校体育研究的演变历程,学校体育的发展深受社会、经济、政治、文化、教育等因素的影响,具有明显的历史阶段性特点。我国学校体育研究在与国外学校体育研究的融合中实现创新发展,在借鉴国外先进体育科研思想的同时,又继承了本民族的传统教育观,在这一过程中既有排斥,也有借鉴。第二,连续30年在中外学校体育研究方面,仍然以美国作为先导,随后便是英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、西班牙等国家,中国排名第九。对于美国体育科研而言,其典型特征就是以综合性高校为主要研究机构。第三,国内学校体育研究相对稳定的作者群还没有完全建立,核心作者的背景差异性较明显、分布不均衡;中国学者同样也可以成为体育科研领域的佼佼者,他们在国际上的影响力越来越大;在学校体育研究取得了重大成就的国外学者,他们的研究方向都非常明确,大多集中在2-3个研究主题,对其进行深入地研究。第四,国内研究热点随着社会发展、教育改革的需要,每个时期都有每个时期的特点;国外学校体育研究热点总的来说,密切关注健康活动情境因素与动机;采用多种教育方式来引导青少年的体育思维,分析他们的心理;引导特殊人群减肥等;是现阶段国内外绝大多数研究者所关注的焦点和问题。第五,国内学校体育研究的演化路径:课程设置逐渐趋于科学,课程体系、课程内容不断的更新,以适应时代发展的需要;课程评价方式不只是终结性评价,还包含学生态度、进步程度,学生实践能力等多方面评价。国外学校体育研究的演化路径:对特殊人群的学校体育研究关注较多;关注成就目标和动机研究,与运动心理学领域相关性较大;对锻炼动机、成就目标、自我决定理论等关注较多,且研究方法多采用统计学的方法,分析其干预效果、影响因素、检验模型等。
[Abstract]:With the continuous innovation of sports scientific research and the rapid development of school sports, many countries in the world have made great achievements in the research of school physical education. However, there are still differences in the level of school sports development between different countries and different regions. Reviewing the development course of school physical education in our country, and looking at the successful experience of foreign countries in the field of school sports research, we find that we should really realize the goal of improving the physique of young people and realizing the lifelong physical education of the whole people. Sports researchers in Chinese schools have a long way to go. In this study, Web of Science database and CNKI database were used as the data source, and the software Cite Space III was used as the research tool. From the knowledge base and the research hotspot, the author makes a visual comparative analysis of school physical education at home and abroad, clarifies the differences between the development of school sports at home and abroad, and draws lessons from the advanced experience of school sports development in foreign countries. Put forward suggestions and countermeasures for the better development of domestic school physical education. The main conclusions are as follows: first, reviewing the evolution of school physical education research in recent 30 years in China, the development of school sports is deeply influenced by social, economic, political, cultural, educational and other factors. Has the obvious historical stage characteristic. Our country school sports research realizes the innovation development in the amalgamation with the foreign school physical education research, at the same time, it inherits the traditional education view of the nation while drawing lessons from the advanced sports scientific research thought of foreign countries. In this process, it not only repel but also draw lessons from. Second, for 30 consecutive years, the United States is still the leader in Chinese and foreign school sports research, followed by the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Spain and other countries, China ranked ninth. For American sports scientific research, its typical characteristic is to take the comprehensive university as the main research institution. Third, the relatively stable author group of domestic school physical education research has not been completely established, the core author background difference is obvious, the distribution is not balanced; Chinese scholars can also become leaders in the field of sports scientific research, they have more and more international influence; The research direction of foreign scholars who have made great achievements in school physical education research is very clear. Most of them focus on 2-3 research topics and do in-depth research on them. Fourth, with the development of society and the need of educational reform, the domestic research hotspots have the characteristics of each period in each period, the foreign school sports research hot spots in general, pay close attention to the situational factors and motivation of health activities; It is the focus and problem that most researchers at home and abroad pay close attention to at present to adopt various educational methods to guide teenagers' sports thinking and analyze their psychology; to guide special people to lose weight and so on. Fifth, the evolvement path of the domestic school physical education research: the curriculum arrangement gradually tends to the science, the curriculum system, the curriculum content unceasingly updates, in order to meet the time development need; Curriculum evaluation is not only summative evaluation, but also includes students' attitude, degree of progress, students' practical ability and so on. The evolution path of school physical education research abroad: pay more attention to the school physical education research of special people, pay close attention to achievement goal and motivation research, and have a great correlation with sports psychology field; More attention was paid to exercise motivation, achievement goal, self-decision theory, and statistical methods were used to analyze the intervention effect, influencing factors and testing model.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G807

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