辽宁省不同运动等级男子篮球运动员三分球跳起投篮的运动生物力学个体分析

发布时间：2018-11-09 19:52

【摘要】：篮球运动作为在一定的规则限制下,以其特殊的形式、方法和手段,进行攻守对抗或娱乐表演的一种组织形式,现已演进成为了现代竞技体育和大众体育的运动项目。现代篮球运动发展至今已成为了全世界范围内最受人们关注和喜爱的运动之一。而“投篮准确”作为现代篮球运动中攻守对抗的核心和目的,是制胜的第一要素,其中,最为重要和常见的得分手段即为跳起投篮。鉴于现阶段针对跳起投篮技术动作的绝大部分研究均为同衔接动作相结合的复合型动作分析,以及只针对运动学指标或肌肉生物力学指标中的某一项的定向研究,而较少将两种指标进行同步分析和比较,故本研究即以运动学实验和人体肌肉表面肌电实验相结合的方法,对中国国家男子篮球队队员、辽宁省男子篮球队队员和沈阳体育学院男子篮球专修班学生等多名不同水平和运动等级的男子篮球运动员进行实验测量和分析,针对其在空位跳投命中时所体现的差异进行横向比较,以进一步通过男子篮球运动员在跳起投篮技术动作中的运动时长、速度变化、各关节角度变化、各肌肉积分肌电值和各肌肉激活时间特征等多方面的数据,来研究此项技术动作的运动生物力学方面的特点和本质规律。通过实验测试出的数据,并结合视频及相关理论的分析,得出以下结论:在持球缓冲阶段,孙凯航出现重心下降后调整时间过长,前臂上举和发力过早及髋关节变化幅度较小等问题,导致总体技术动作的耗时过长及发力的不协调。吕志俊的下肢关节缓冲幅度过小,导致后续起跳时发力薄弱。同时,在主动肌的发力能力和肌肉的退让性工作方面,4名低水平运动员同2名高水平运动员之间存在差距。在蹬地起跳阶段,上肢摆动的过程中,高水平运动员的发力能力要好于低水平运动员。李金阳出现了肘关节屈曲程度过大,以及躯体姿态前倾,导致最后的出手角度过大。在腾空出手阶段,郭艾伦的出手时间远小于其他运动员,各受试运动员的出手时机相对于腾空阶段的总时长差异不大。刘志轩的出手角度最接近最佳出手角度,且高水平运动员的整体出手速度好于低水平运动员。低水平运动员在拮抗肌的控制能力方面相比于高水平运动员较差。
[Abstract]:Basketball, as an organizational form of offensive and defensive confrontation or entertainment performance under certain rules and with its special forms, methods and means, has evolved into a sport of modern competitive sports and mass sports. The development of modern basketball has become one of the most attention and favorite sports all over the world. "accurate shooting", as the core and purpose of offensive and defensive confrontation in modern basketball, is the first element of winning, among which, the most important and common means of scoring is jump shooting. In view of the fact that most of the current studies on jumping and shooting techniques are combined with cohesive movements, and orientation studies are directed at only one of the kinematics or muscle biomechanical indicators, And the two indexes were analyzed and compared synchronously, so this study combines kinematics experiment with electromyoelectric experiment of human muscle surface, to the members of the Chinese national men's basketball team. The members of Liaoning men's basketball team and the students of men's basketball specialized class in Shenyang Institute of physical Education, etc., were measured and analyzed by experiments. In order to compare the difference between the jumper and the jumper, the length of time, the change of speed and the angle of every joint of the male basketball player in the jumping shooting technique are further analyzed, and the results are as follows: (1) the change of the length of time, the change of the speed, the change of the angle of the joint. In order to study the characteristics and essential laws of motion biomechanics of this technique, the integral myoelectric value of each muscle and the characteristics of muscle activation time are studied. According to the experimental data, combined with the analysis of video and related theories, the following conclusions are drawn: in the buffer stage of holding the ball, Sun Kaihang's adjustment time is too long after the center of gravity drops. The problems of forearm lifting and exertion prematurely and the change range of hip joint are small, which results in the time-consuming and incongruity of the overall technical movement. Lu Zhijun's lower limb joint buffer amplitude is too small, resulting in subsequent takeoff when weak strength. At the same time, there is a gap between 4 low level athletes and 2 high level athletes. In the process of jumping on the ground, the ability of high level athletes is better than that of low level athletes in the process of upper limb swing. Li Jinyang appeared the elbow joint flexion degree is too big, and the body posture inclines, causes the final release angle to be too big. In the stage of emptying, Guo Allen's shot time is much smaller than that of other athletes, and there is little difference between the total time of each player's shooting time and the total time of the empty stage. Liu Zhixuan's angle of action is closest to the best angle, and the overall speed of high-level athletes is better than that of low-level athletes. The control ability of low-level athletes is worse than that of high-level athletes.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841

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