竞走国少队（西体组）2015-2016年冬训期身体机能监测与分析

发布时间：2018-11-15 18:54

【摘要】：国家体育总局从2010年以来成立了多个训练基地,并建立了竞走国家青少年队,目的是为国家队和各省市队培养后备人才做好保障工作,然而运用晨脉等简单易得的生理生化指标的研究还是比较少。文章主要通过对青少年运动员的生理生化指标研究,以了解青少年竞走运动员各项的身体机能指标的变化规律,同时,摸索出青少年竞走运动员的成绩变化规律,找到适合青少年运动员的训练和生理生化监控的方法,为我国后备人才的科学化、合理化训练提供参考。文章以竞走国少队(西体组)的6名重点运动员作为研究对象,首先在进入冬训前,在每周周日的清晨对6名运动员血液和尿液采样进行机能状态监控指标测试,测试的主要指标有血尿素(BUN)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血乳酸(BLA)、尿蛋白(Pro)等指标作为初始数据。在冬训期间,每进行一次重点训练课,在课后对运动员血液和尿液采样进行测试。在冬训后训练阶段,每周对运动员进行一次测试来记录下进入冬训后后运动员机能状态监控指标的变化情况。最后使用Microsoft Excel 2010对数据进行录入并分析。研究结果显示:(1)整个冬训期间晨脉会出现一定程度的波动,经过一段时间的适应后可以恢复正常,并且也呈现了逐步降低的情况。(2)运动员的血红蛋白含量在冬训期间是存在一定波动的,一定程度上较高的血红蛋白水平有助于运动员取得更好的成绩。(3)在不同负荷下产生的血乳酸数量不同,随着训练能力的提高,所产生的血乳酸数量也会随之不断升高。(4)冬训期间血尿素出现较大幅度的波动,男子运动员较为平稳整体波动范围较小,而女子运动员则波动范围较大。结论表明:(1)在冬训期间,运动员适应训练的负荷,整个过程没有出现过度疲劳。(2)在整个冬训期间,运动员的晨脉没有出现高位持续的状况。(3)运动员整体血红蛋白呈现先上升或趋于平稳的走向。(4)运动员的血乳酸指标呈现总体先增大后减小的趋势。(5)冬训期间血尿素指标的波动会随着训练逐渐恢复到正常范围。(6)冬训期间,运动员训练后尿蛋白呈阳性,次日清晨基本恢复正常,没有过度疲劳的发生。
[Abstract]:Since 2010, the State General Administration of Sports has set up several training bases and set up the National Youth team for Race Walking, with the aim of ensuring the training of reserve talents for the national team and the provincial and municipal teams. However, the use of morning pulse and other easy-to-obtain physiological and biochemical indicators are still relatively rare. Through the study of physiological and biochemical indexes of young athletes, this paper tries to understand the changing rules of body function indexes of juvenile walking athletes, and at the same time, finds out the regularity of performance changes of juvenile walking athletes. In order to provide reference for the scientific and rational training of reserve talents in our country, the methods of training and physiological and biochemical monitoring suitable for juvenile athletes are found. In this paper, six key athletes of the National and Junior Race Walking team (West Sports Group) were selected as the research objects. First of all, before entering winter training, the blood and urine samples of 6 athletes were tested on the function state monitoring index in the early morning of every Sunday. The main indexes were blood urea (BUN), hemoglobin (Hb), lactate (BLA), urine protein (Pro) and so on. During winter training, the athletes' blood and urine samples were tested after each key training session. In the stage of training after winter training, the athletes were tested once a week to record the changes of the monitoring indexes of the athletes' functional state after entering the winter training. Finally, Microsoft Excel 2010 is used to input and analyze the data. The results show that: (1) during the whole winter training period, the morning pulse fluctuates to a certain extent, and after a period of adaptation, it can return to normal. And it also showed a gradual decrease. (2) the hemoglobin content of athletes fluctuated during winter training. To a certain extent, higher hemoglobin level helps athletes to achieve better results. (3) the amount of blood lactic acid produced under different loads varies with the improvement of training ability. The amount of blood lactic acid produced will also increase with it. (4) during winter training, blood urea fluctuates by a large margin, while the fluctuation range of male athletes is relatively small, while that of female athletes is larger. The conclusions are as follows: (1) during winter training, athletes adapt to the load of training, and there is no excessive fatigue in the whole process. (2) during the whole winter training, (3) the overall hemoglobin of athletes first increased or tended to a steady trend. (4) the blood lactate index of athletes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. (5) during winter training, the fluctuation of blood urea index will gradually return to normal range with training. (6) during winter training, The athletes showed positive urine protein after training and returned to normal in the morning.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G821

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