基于奥运会、世锦赛数据分析的中国田径发展研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 17:15

【摘要】：田径项目是奥运会中的金牌大户,田径中的走、跑、跳、投是一切运动的基础。田径运动发展水平直接关系到一个国家在世界综合类运动会上能否取得好成绩。我国一直是田径的弱国,要想在奥运会总奖牌榜上更进一步,必须抓好田径这一大项。2013年初国家体育总局提出的“1516突破行动计划”对于2015年田径世锦赛和2016年奥运会上取得的优异成绩可谓功不可没。本文主要采用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法和专家访谈法等研究方法从近五届奥运会和世锦赛我国田径运动总体成绩变化、重点和次重点项目成绩变化、男女运动员的成绩变化、各项群发展状况以及世界田坛竞争格局演变等方面进行数据统计分析,全面阐述我国田径运动发展状况,探究成绩变化原因,找出不足,总结成功经验,为以后我国田径运动可持续发展提供可借鉴的理论依据。本文主要得出以下结论:1.在近五届奥运会、世锦赛中,我国田径队在参赛人数、夺牌数、奖牌榜、前八名人数、总积分、积分榜方面均呈上升趋势,尤其在2015年第15届田径世锦赛和2016年第31届奥运会中以上各项数据均取得历史新高。2.从近五届奥运会、世锦赛来看,我国田径重点项目发展基本稳定,里约奥运会周期内男女竞走和女子投掷保持强势,男子110米栏和女子中长跑下滑严重。次重点项目如男子跳跃、短跑在2015和2016年进步格外突出,分别已具备冲击奖牌和前八的实力。我国田径整体实力进步明显。3.里约奥运周期内,我国田径耐力性项群保持强势,快速力量性项群进步显著,速度性项群正在崛起,项群结构发生变化。4.在第15届世锦赛和第31届奥运会上,我国田径男女比例基本均衡,摆脱了一直以来“阴盛阳衰”的尴尬局面。5.2013年初国家体育总局田径管理中心制定了名为“1516突破行动计划”帮助我国田径在2015年世锦赛和2016年奥运会上取得显著进步。6.通过对成绩的统计分析,针对目前我国田径的现状,提出几点建议,应抓住目前田径发展的良好势头,借鉴“1516计划”中的有效措施;进行重点、次重点项目重新布局,突出重点,突破次重点;继续均衡男女项目发展;加强国内体育科研及创新能力的培养;积极完善体教结合的人才培养模式;加速我国田径市场化发展。
[Abstract]:Track and field is the gold medal in the Olympic Games, track and field walking, running, jumping, throwing is the basis of all sports. The development level of track and field is directly related to whether a country can achieve good results in the world comprehensive sports meeting. China has always been a weak country in track and field. If we want to go further in the overall medal table of the Olympic Games, The "1516 Breakthrough Action Plan" proposed by the State Administration of Sports in early 2013 has contributed to the excellent results of the 2015 World Athletics Championships and the 2016 Olympic Games. This paper mainly adopts the methods of literature, mathematical statistics, logic analysis and expert interview from the recent five Olympic Games and the world championships to change the overall results of track and field sports, and the changes of the key and sub-key events. This paper makes a statistical analysis on the changes of performance of male and female athletes, the development of various groups and the evolution of the competitive pattern of world athletics, etc., comprehensively expounds the development of track and field sports in China, probes into the reasons for the change of achievements, and finds out the shortcomings. Summing up the successful experience to provide the theoretical basis for the sustainable development of track and field in the future. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. In the recent five Olympic Games and the world championships, China's track and field teams have shown an upward trend in terms of the number of participants, the number of medals won, the number of medals in the top eight, the total points, and the table of scores. In particular, the figures for the 15th World Athletics Championships in 2015 and the 31st Olympic Games in 2016 were at an all-time high of 2. 2. Judging from the recent five Olympic Games and the world championships, the development of key track and field events in China is basically stable. During the Rio Olympic Games cycle, the men and women race and women's throwing remain strong, and the men's 110m hurdles and women's middle and long distance races slide seriously. Minor events such as men's jumping made extraordinary progress in sprinting in 2015 and 2016, with the ability to compete in medals and in the top eight, respectively. Our country track and field overall strength progress is obvious. 3. During the period of Rio Olympic Games, the endurance team of track and field in China remained strong, the fast strength group made remarkable progress, the speed group was rising and the structure of the group changed. 4. At the 15th World Championships and the 31st Olympic Games, the proportion of men and women in track and field in China was basically balanced. In early 5.2013, the State Sports Administration track and Field Management Center developed a "1516 Breakthrough Action Plan" to help China's track and field in the 2015 world championships and 2016 Olympic Games. Remarkable progress. 6. Through the statistical analysis of the results, according to the present situation of track and field in our country, some suggestions are put forward, which should seize the good momentum of track and field development at present and draw lessons from the effective measures in the "1516 Plan". Focus, re-layout of sub-key projects, highlight the focus, break through the sub-focus; continue to balance the development of male and female projects; strengthen the training of domestic sports scientific research and innovation; actively improve the combination of sports and education personnel training model; Accelerate the market development of track and field in China.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82

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