我国优秀女子马拉松运动员赛前训练安排研究
发布时间：2018-11-16 15:00
【摘要】：马拉松是一种极具社会性和经济性价值的运动项目,当前马拉松运动开展火热,越来越多的人投身马拉松运动当中。女子马拉松是我国的潜优势项目,在国际性比赛竞争愈发激烈的情况下,我国女子在该项目上的竞争力却在逐渐下降,当前几乎没有人能够突破2:20:00这一成绩,而且有许多优秀女子马拉松运动员在比赛中并不能够发挥出自身的真实水平。赛前训练阶段是直接影响高水平运动员能否在比赛中达到最佳比赛状态的重要阶段,但是对优秀马拉松运动员赛前训练的研究甚少,如何在赛前阶段进行科学合理的训练安排成为了困扰科研人员和教练员的一大难题。理论来源于实践,我国优秀运动员的训练经验对训练理论的升华有很大帮助,特别是优秀运动员的成功案例。本研究尝试通过收集并整理优秀马拉松运动员的赛前训练资料和近几年我国优秀女子马拉松运动员成功的赛前备战案例,采用文献资料法、调查法、观察法、数理统计法、个案分析法,对我国5名优秀女子马拉松运动员成功的赛前训练计划进行研究,分别从赛前的阶段划分、训练内容、方法、手段和负荷安排5个方面进行分析,探究我国优秀女子马拉松运动员的赛前训练安排特征,并试图从中发现一些规律,为我国女子马拉松运动员备战大赛提供一定的参考,促进马拉松运动训练的发展。根据研究得出的结论如下:1.我国优秀女子马拉松运动员在赛前训练阶段的时间安排上,以70-80天的总时长为佳,并可根据赛前的训练目的和任务将赛前训练阶段进一步划分为赛前适应强化期、强化期、调整期3个小阶段,采用平原-高原-平原的赛前训练模式。2.赛前训练的内容具有系统性和专项性,在整个赛前训练阶段均没有太大的变化,有氧训练贯穿整个阶段,无氧训练和交叉训练也是提高赛前训练效果的必要元素。3.我国优秀女子马拉松运动员在赛前普遍运用持续训练法、间歇训练法和组合训练法,该三种方法也基本贯穿整个赛前训练阶段,其中大部分运动员以间歇训练法为主。4.赛前训练的手段具有连续性,常用的训练手段有1000-5000米跑、20-30公里跑,同时也会采用一些其他的常用训练手段,使训练手段较为多样。5.我国优秀女子马拉松运动员在赛前训练阶段主要是采用小负荷量多次数的训练方式来维持一定负荷量,以中小负荷强度为主,适当搭配大强度,并呈现出在有氧代谢的范围内,提高负荷强度的训练比例的趋势,延长维持高速跑的时间。
[Abstract]:Marathon is a kind of sport with social and economic value. At present, more and more people are engaged in marathon. The women's marathon is our country's latent advantage event, in the international competition increasingly fierce situation, our country woman's competition ability on this item actually is gradually declining, at present few people can break the 2:20:00 this one result, And there are many excellent women marathonists in the race can not play their true level. The stage of pre-competition training is an important stage that directly affects whether high level athletes can reach the best state of competition in the competition, but the research on pre-competition training of excellent marathon athletes is very few. How to carry on scientific and reasonable training arrangement in the pre-competition stage has become a big problem that puzzles the scientific research personnel and the coach. The theory comes from practice, and the training experience of the outstanding athletes in our country is of great help to the sublimation of the training theory, especially the successful cases of the outstanding athletes. This study attempts to collect and collate the pre-competition training data of excellent marathon runners and the successful pre-competition preparation cases of elite women marathon runners in China in recent years, and adopt the methods of literature, investigation, observation, mathematical statistics, etc. This paper studies the successful pre-competition training plan of five elite female marathon runners in China, and analyzes the five aspects of the pre-competition stage, training content, method, means and load arrangement, respectively. This paper probes into the characteristics of pre-competition training arrangement of elite female marathon runners in China, and tries to find out some rules from it, which can provide some references for Chinese women marathon runners to prepare for the competition and promote the development of marathon training. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The total time of 70-80 days is the best for Chinese elite women marathon runners in the pre-competition training stage, and the pre-competition training stage can be further divided into pre-competition adaptation strengthening period according to the purpose and task of pre-competition training. Adjustment period of 3 small stages, using the Plain-plateau-Plain pre-competition training model. 2. The content of pre-competition training is systematic and special, and there is no great change in the whole pre-competition training stage. Aerobic training runs through the whole stage. Anaerobic training and cross-training are also necessary elements to improve the effect of pre-competition training. 3. Chinese elite women marathon athletes generally use continuous training method, intermittent training method and combination training method before the competition. These three methods also basically run through the whole pre-competition training stage, and most of them mainly use intermittent training method. The means of pre-competition training have continuity, the commonly used training means are 1000-5000 meters running, 20-30 kilometers running, at the same time, some other common training means will be adopted, so that the training means are more diverse. 5. In the pre-competition training stage of Chinese elite women marathon athletes, they mainly adopt the training method of small load and many times to maintain a certain amount of load, with small and medium load intensity as the main factor, suitable combination of large intensity, and show that it is within the scope of aerobic metabolism. The trend of increasing the training proportion of load intensity and prolonging the duration of running at high speed.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G822.8
本文编号：2335837
[Abstract]:Marathon is a kind of sport with social and economic value. At present, more and more people are engaged in marathon. The women's marathon is our country's latent advantage event, in the international competition increasingly fierce situation, our country woman's competition ability on this item actually is gradually declining, at present few people can break the 2:20:00 this one result, And there are many excellent women marathonists in the race can not play their true level. The stage of pre-competition training is an important stage that directly affects whether high level athletes can reach the best state of competition in the competition, but the research on pre-competition training of excellent marathon athletes is very few. How to carry on scientific and reasonable training arrangement in the pre-competition stage has become a big problem that puzzles the scientific research personnel and the coach. The theory comes from practice, and the training experience of the outstanding athletes in our country is of great help to the sublimation of the training theory, especially the successful cases of the outstanding athletes. This study attempts to collect and collate the pre-competition training data of excellent marathon runners and the successful pre-competition preparation cases of elite women marathon runners in China in recent years, and adopt the methods of literature, investigation, observation, mathematical statistics, etc. This paper studies the successful pre-competition training plan of five elite female marathon runners in China, and analyzes the five aspects of the pre-competition stage, training content, method, means and load arrangement, respectively. This paper probes into the characteristics of pre-competition training arrangement of elite female marathon runners in China, and tries to find out some rules from it, which can provide some references for Chinese women marathon runners to prepare for the competition and promote the development of marathon training. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The total time of 70-80 days is the best for Chinese elite women marathon runners in the pre-competition training stage, and the pre-competition training stage can be further divided into pre-competition adaptation strengthening period according to the purpose and task of pre-competition training. Adjustment period of 3 small stages, using the Plain-plateau-Plain pre-competition training model. 2. The content of pre-competition training is systematic and special, and there is no great change in the whole pre-competition training stage. Aerobic training runs through the whole stage. Anaerobic training and cross-training are also necessary elements to improve the effect of pre-competition training. 3. Chinese elite women marathon athletes generally use continuous training method, intermittent training method and combination training method before the competition. These three methods also basically run through the whole pre-competition training stage, and most of them mainly use intermittent training method. The means of pre-competition training have continuity, the commonly used training means are 1000-5000 meters running, 20-30 kilometers running, at the same time, some other common training means will be adopted, so that the training means are more diverse. 5. In the pre-competition training stage of Chinese elite women marathon athletes, they mainly adopt the training method of small load and many times to maintain a certain amount of load, with small and medium load intensity as the main factor, suitable combination of large intensity, and show that it is within the scope of aerobic metabolism. The trend of increasing the training proportion of load intensity and prolonging the duration of running at high speed.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G822.8
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