我国优秀女子青少年乒乓球运动员身体素质特征分析

发布时间：2018-11-19 21:52

【摘要】：在2014年乒乓球世界杯上,新塑料球第一次投入使用。塑料球最大的改变就是球的直径标准由原来的39.50~40.50mm上调到40.00~40.60mm,这一个改变让乒乓球的旋转,击球力量、击球速度和弹性都有不同程度的减弱。这些因素的改变直接导致了比赛中回合数的增多,平均每场比赛所花的时间增加,比赛的激烈程度有所增强。14-16年陆续有国内外优秀乒乓球运动员因伤退出国际重大赛事,或是因伤影响了技术水平的发挥。新塑料球的出现,意味着乒乓球已经不再是一个完全由技能主导的项目了,而身体素质在比赛中起到的作用越来越明显。此外,身体素质的积极作用和意义主要表现在以下几个方面:第一,有利于掌握复杂、先进的技术和提高运动成绩;第二,有利于承受大负荷训练和高强度比赛;第三,有利于在训练比赛中保持稳定、良好的心理状态。第四,有利于预防伤病、延长运动员的运动寿命。因此,加强乒乓球运动员的身体素质训练应该是今后各国乒乓球教练员和科研人员研究的重点。本文的目的一方面是要了解目前我国优秀女子青少年乒乓球运动员身体素质的现状,另一方面是进一步探索身体素质与运动员比赛成绩之间的关系,使得训练更加有的放矢,进一步提高乒乓球训练的科学化水平。本研究采用文献资料法收集乒乓球身体素质和专项体能训练基础理论的研究成果,运用专家咨询法就身体素质测试的内容及训练方法向国家女子一队、二队教练组及省市队教练员进行咨询,确定了立定跳远、3.5米侧滑步、双摇跳绳、仰卧起坐、卧推、深蹲、30米冲刺和3000米耐力跑8个项目,并对运动员进行测试、分析。测试对象为我国65名优秀女子青少年乒乓球运动员,分成国家二队、省市队一组和省市队二组,通过采集三组不同组别的测试数据,运用数理统计法,通过SPSS20.0软件对她们的身体素质测试成绩(平均值、标准差、最大值和最小值)进行评估和对比分析。结论:(1)国家女二队队员的仰卧起坐和深蹲的测试成绩要明显好于省市队一组和省市队二组,其它项目无显著性差异。(2)在所有测试的身体素质项目中,30米冲刺、深蹲和双摇跳绳与优秀女子运动员的技术水平相关系数相对较大(具有显著性),3000米耐力跑与技术水平的相关系数最小(无显著性)。(3)国家女二队队员的3.5米侧滑步、双摇跳绳、仰卧起坐和深蹲四个项目的测试成绩较优,30米冲刺和立定跳远的测试成绩一般,而卧推和3000米耐力跑的测试成绩比较差。
[Abstract]:The new plastic ball was put into use for the first time at the 2014 table tennis World Cup. The biggest change in the plastic ball is that the ball's diameter standard has been raised from the original 39.50~40.50mm to 40.60mm, a change that weakens the rotation, batting power, speed and elasticity of table tennis to varying degrees. The change of these factors directly leads to the increase in the number of rounds, the average time spent in each match and the intensity of the competition. In 14-16 years, one after another, some excellent domestic and foreign table tennis players withdrew from major international competitions because of injuries. Or because the injury affected the technical level of play. The emergence of new plastic balls means that table tennis is no longer a purely skill-driven event, and physical fitness plays an increasingly important role in the game. In addition, the positive role and significance of physical fitness are mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, it is conducive to mastering complex, advanced technology and improving sports performance; second, it is conducive to heavy load training and high intensity competition. Third, it is beneficial to maintain stability and good psychological state in the training competition. Fourth, is advantageous to prevent the injury, prolongs the athlete's sports life. Therefore, strengthening the physical fitness training of table tennis players should be the focus of the research of table tennis coaches and researchers in the future. On the one hand, the purpose of this paper is to understand the current situation of the physical fitness of the outstanding female young table tennis players in China, on the other hand, to further explore the relationship between the physical fitness and the performance of the athletes, so as to make the training more targeted. Further improve the scientific level of table tennis training. In this study, the author collected the research results of the basic theory of physical fitness and special physical fitness training of table tennis by using the method of literature, and applied the method of expert consultation to the national women's first team on the content and training method of the physical fitness test. The coaches of the second team and the provincial and municipal teams consulted and determined 8 items of standing long jump, 3.5 meters side slide, double swing rope jumping, sit-up, lying down, squat, 30 meters sprint and 3000 meters endurance run, and the athletes were tested and analyzed. The subjects of the test are 65 outstanding young women table tennis players in our country. They are divided into two groups: the second national team, the provincial and municipal team, and the provincial and municipal team. Through collecting the test data of three different groups, using mathematical statistics, Their physical fitness test scores (average, standard deviation, maximum and minimum) were evaluated and compared with SPSS20.0 software. Conclusion: (1) the results of sit-ups and squats of the second National Women's team were significantly better than those of the provincial and municipal teams, and there was no significant difference in other items. (2) in all the physical fitness events, the results of the 30 meters sprint were better than those of the provincial and municipal teams. The correlation coefficient between squatting and double rocking skipping rope and the technical level of elite female athletes is relatively large (significant). The correlation coefficient between 3000 meter endurance running and technical level was the least (no significant). (3). The test results of the national women's second team members were better than those of the national women's second team members, such as 3.5m side sliding, double rocking rope skipping, sit-ups and squats. The results of 30-meter sprint and standing long jump were average, while those of lying-down and 3000-meter endurance were poor.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G846

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