竞技体育与暴力关系探析及启示

发布时间：2018-11-21 11:04

【摘要】：竞技体育究竟是增加了亦或是减少了暴力发生,有关竞技体育与暴力的关系中西学界存在激烈争论,呈现出两种对立假说。乐观派认为,体育是社会安全阀,竞技体育发挥了"战争替代"功用,参与者将本能中的攻击性转移至体育赛场内安全宣泄,同时学会面对压力情景时的暴力控制策略,最终实现对暴力的控制;悲观方则认为暴力是竞技体育的本质属性,暴力已经成为竞技体育和新闻传媒的重要卖点,加上观众的群体效应,暴力将伴随竞技体育客观发生且不可根除。文中在查阅大量文献的基础上,对两种假说进行梳理与探讨,并尝试从中找寻有助于我国球场暴力控制的有益启示。研究认为:竞技双方为比赛目的发生的规则允许的身体对抗的"暴力"应不断得到巩固与强化;对观赛观众中发生的偏差行为需要谨慎包容与引导,越轨行为需及时制止以避免升级与扩大化,对暴力犯罪行为必须予以严厉打击;对体育暴力实施者需从社会舆论、经济收益与刑事司法三方面予以及时惩戒;球场暴力的控制需以加强看台文化建设为根本。
[Abstract]:Whether competitive sports has increased or reduced the occurrence of violence, the relationship between sports and violence between Chinese and Western scholars exists fierce debate, showing two opposite hypotheses. The optimists believe that sports is a social safety valve, that competitive sports play a role of "war substitution", that participants transfer their instinctive aggression to the sports arena to safely vent their feelings, and that they learn to control violence in the face of stress situations. The ultimate control of violence; The pessimistic side thinks that violence is the essential attribute of competitive sports, violence has become an important selling point of competitive sports and news media, and with the crowd effect of audience, violence will occur objectively with competitive sports and cannot be eradicated. On the basis of consulting a large number of literatures, this paper combs and discusses the two hypotheses, and tries to find some useful enlightenment for the control of court violence in China. The study holds that: the physical confrontation "violence" allowed by the rules of both sides should be constantly consolidated and strengthened; In order to avoid the escalation and expansion, the deviant behavior should be carefully tolerated and guided, and the violent criminal behavior must be severely punished. The perpetrators of sports violence should be punished in time from the three aspects of public opinion, economic benefits and criminal justice, and the control of stadium violence should be based on strengthening the cultural construction of the stands.
【作者单位】：上海体育学院休闲与艺术学院;浙江警察学院警察体育部;
【分类号】：G80-05

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