全民健身视域下残疾人体育健身服务运行机制的研究

发布时间：2018-11-24 20:33

【摘要】：残疾人这一特殊群体是制约“全民健身计划”实施和实现的难点,也是构建和谐社会的“瓶颈”。本研究依托公共体育服务体系,运用系统论和公共服务理论的观点,选择了黑龙江省的哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔、牡丹江、佳木斯、大庆的城市社区和县以下的乡镇农村社区,18周岁以上参加过体育健身活动的残疾人为研究对象,根据文献资料法、访谈法、问卷法、统计法及逻辑分析法,把残疾人体育健身服务运行机制作为一个系统,通过系统各要素之间的相互影响、相互作用的辩证统一关系,从基本构成要素出发,对残疾人体育健身服务运行机制进行了剖析,从残疾人体育活动为出发点,整合现有资源组织开展适合残疾人群特点的体育健身活动,提高残疾人体育健身工作的水平,力争缩小与全民健身的差距,满足城乡残疾人日益增长的体育健身需求。得出以下结论:1、体育健身理念缺失,部分残疾人还没有完全认识到体育锻炼对身体健康的重要性,《全民健身计划纲要》认知程度偏低。相关部门为残疾人参加体育活动进行宣传的力度不够。城乡社区的残疾人群中,男性参与体育健身运动的人数多于女性残疾人,城市社区的残疾人参与体育健身比例高于农村社区残疾人。2、黑龙江省残疾人体育健身的内容单一,物质资源配置效率低下。体育健身多以散步、跑步为主,在经济欠发达农村地区体育健身基础设施匮乏,体育健身人群大多选择在自家庭院、小区健身,农村社区残疾人体育健身参与率要远远低于城市社区残疾人。3、黑龙江省城乡残疾人体育健身运行机制结构简单,服务供给不足,残疾人体育健身服务人才不足,专业化程度偏低,社区、街道等部门开展残疾人体育健身活动的重视程度不高,残疾人体育健身的参与率也不高,各级政府和社区也没有为残疾人参加体育活动进行必要和积极的宣传。4、残疾人体育服务组织不完善,结构较为单一,服务组织的架构一般为省—市—县(区)—街道(镇)—社区的架构,领导机构设置重叠且职能划分不合理,大部分残疾人对体育健身活动服务的数量和内容满意度不高。
[Abstract]:The disabled, a special group, is not only the difficulty of the implementation and realization of the National Fitness Plan, but also the bottleneck of constructing a harmonious society. Based on the system of public sports service and the viewpoint of system theory and public service theory, this study chooses Harbin, Qiqihar, Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, Daqing urban communities and township and rural communities below county level in Heilongjiang Province. People with disabilities who have participated in sports and fitness activities over the age of 18 are the research objects. According to the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire, statistics and logical analysis, the operating mechanism of sports fitness service for the disabled is regarded as a system. Based on the dialectical and unified relationship between the various elements of the system and the interaction, this paper analyzes the operating mechanism of the sports and fitness service for the disabled, starting from the sports activities of the disabled, starting from the basic elements, and taking the sports activities of the disabled as the starting point. Integrate existing resources to organize sports fitness activities suitable for disabled people, improve the level of sports fitness work for the disabled, strive to narrow the gap with the national fitness, and meet the increasing demand for physical fitness of the disabled in urban and rural areas. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The concept of physical fitness is absent, some disabled people have not fully realized the importance of physical exercise to physical health, and the National Fitness Program is low in cognitive level. Relevant departments for the disabled to participate in sports activities propaganda efforts are not enough. The number of disabled people in urban and rural communities is higher than that of women, and the proportion of disabled people in urban communities is higher than that in rural communities. 2. The content of physical fitness of disabled people in Heilongjiang Province is single. The allocation of material resources is inefficient. Sports fitness is mainly for walking and running. In the economically underdeveloped rural areas, the physical fitness infrastructure is scarce, and most of the sports and fitness people choose their own courtyard, community fitness, The participation rate of the disabled in rural communities in sports fitness is far lower than that in urban communities. 3. Heilongjiang Province has a simple operating mechanism for urban and rural disabled people with physical fitness, insufficient supply of services, and insufficient personnel for sports and fitness services for the disabled. The degree of specialization is on the low side, and the community, street and other departments pay less attention to the development of sports and fitness activities for the disabled, and the participation rate of the disabled in sports and fitness is also not high. Governments and communities at all levels have also failed to carry out necessary and positive publicity for the disabled to participate in sports activities. 4. The organizations of sports services for the disabled are not perfect and the structure is relatively unitary. The structure of service organization is generally the structure of province-city-county (district)-street (town)-community. The leadership organization is overlapping and the function division is unreasonable. The majority of disabled people are not satisfied with the quantity and content of physical fitness service.
【学位授予单位】：牡丹江师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G812.49

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