女子羽毛球单打选手技战术特征及其打法男性化的可行性分析

发布时间：2018-12-06 17:22

【摘要】：本文通过运动生理学以及羽毛球的力学内容,对女子羽毛球运动员与男子的异同点进行分析,并根据男女羽毛球运动员比赛录像数据处理,从有利态势以及不利态势的维度,系统分析了男子、女子羽毛球运动员在各项技术数据上的差异,得出以下分析结果:1.女子羽毛球运动员相对于男子来说,由于身体素质方面的先天不足,导致女子运动员在极限击球速度、移动速度、启动速度等方面与男子运动员有着明显差异,造成女子羽毛球运动员在技术打法上应有别于男子运动员,也是女子羽毛球运动员所谓打法“男子化”发展过程中必须面对的问题,女子运动员应根据自身特点以及竞赛规则、技战术的发展方向寻求适合女子特点的羽毛球女子技战术打法特点。2.男子女子运动员首先需要具备良好的多拍回合的能力,但女子与男子在相持状态占总体状态的百分比上,男子要远远大于女子,同时,女子处于不利状态的数据要远远大于男子,而女子的有利状态的数据和男子相比并不具有非常显著性差异。3.男子、女子羽毛球运动员在有利状态下,平均每5拍就有一拍获得得分,而通过数据对比发现在相持以及被动情况下,平均每20拍才勉强获得得分,因此,在节奏不断加快的比赛新形式下,只有通过多拍,破坏、延缓对方的进攻节奏,使我方的技战术连贯更加高效、迅速,使我方更多占据有利态势是获得比赛胜利的根本保障。同时,每16拍左右的优势状态击球,就有一次失误,男子、女子运动员在这一数据上没有显著性差异。因此,在新形式竞赛节奏不断加快的情况下,不仅需要运动员具有良好的多拍回合的技术稳定性,还要具有一招制敌的特长技术,同时,关键一拍技术的稳定发挥较以前更为重要。4.男子、女子羽毛球运动员在有利态势下,失分的主要区域有着显著性差异,男子由于更多的采用后场抢攻强攻来创造有利得分的趋势,所以对后场机会球的处理更加凶狠,技术要求更高,导致后场是其有利态势下主要失分区域,而女子由于后场进攻能力相对较弱,这就必然对前场的搓放、勾球以及推球的技术提出更高的要求,导致女子在优势态势下前场失分是其主要失分区域。5.男子在不利状态下失分的比例平均高达27%左右,女子仅为7%左右,两者有着非常明显的显著性差异,说明男子运动员普遍重视多拍逼压对手以及一招致胜的能力,重视连续进攻能力,也说明了对有效防守住对方的进攻,对如何摆脱对手的连续进攻,没有行之有效的方法与对策;而女子的移动能力、跳跃等爆发力相对男子较弱,导致即便处于不利态势下,通过技术的运用,对手仍然很难继续扩大有利态势,这是女子在不利态势下失分率较低的重要原因。6.男子后场不利导致的失分只占不利失分的11%左右,而女子在后场不利态势下失分占总体不利失分比例高达41%,因而,在女子身体素质受限的情况下,如何通过过渡技术解决后场不利态势下失分率过高的困境,应是女子羽毛球运动员系统考虑的方面。男子虽在后场不利状态下失分占比较少,但同时在后场不利状态下,获得得分的概率也可以说微乎其微,而女子在后场不利态势下,仍有一定概率反被动为主动,甚至直接得分。7.男子羽毛球选手具有超过60%的中场不利态势占总体失分的比例,中场不利态势失分是整体不利状态失分的最主要方面,而女子在后场进攻能力本身就比较弱,进攻速度较男子要弱很多,同时,后场进攻后对网前的控制能力也很难与男子相比,这就造成女子在中场处于不利状态的严重程度相对于男子要小很多,导致女子运动员即便中场处于不利状态,通过各种技术的运用,仍然可以摆脱不利态势。8.女子运动员的技战术特征有典型的女子特点,其技战术打法特点与男性有着显著性差异,羽毛球女子技战术打法应探寻适合女子自身身体特点的技战术打法,而不应以男子技战术特点、打法为模板进行复制,这可能既不可行也体现不出女子本身身体素质的特点。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the similarities and differences between the women's badminton players and men through the sports physiology and the mechanics contents of the badminton, and analyzes the men from the favorable situation and the unfavorable situation according to the video data processing of the men and women's badminton players. The difference between the technical data of women's badminton players is as follows: 1. The women's badminton players have a clear difference with the men's players in terms of the limit shot speed, the moving speed, the starting speed and so on, due to the lack of the first-day physical quality in the women's badminton players. The result that the women's badminton players should be different from the men's athletes in the technical method, and also the problem that the women's badminton players have to face in the process of the men's development, and the women's athletes should, according to their own characteristics and the rules of the competition, The development direction of the technical and tactics seeks the characteristics of the badminton women's technical and tactical tactics, which are suitable for women's characteristics. Men's women's athletes need to have a good multi-shot round, but the percentage of women and men in the overall status is much larger than that of women, while the women's data in the disadvantaged state is far greater than that of men, The data of the woman's favourable condition did not have a very significant difference compared to that of the man. Men, women's badminton players, in an advantageous condition, have an average of one beat on average every 5 beats, and by data comparison, the average of every 20 beats is barely scored, so, in the new form of the tempo of the game, only through the multi-shot, To destroy and delay the offensive rhythm of the other party, make our technical and tactical coherence more efficient and prompt, and make us more and more favorable to obtain the fundamental guarantee of the victory of the competition. At the same time, every 16 beats of the dominant state hit the ball, there is a mistake, the man, the female athlete has no significant difference in this data. Therefore, in the event that the rhythm of the new form of competition is increasing, it is not only necessary for the athlete to have the technical stability of the good multi-shooting round, but also the special skill of the enemy, and at the same time, the stability of the key one is more important than before. in that favorable situation, the male and female badminton players have a significant difference in the main area of the loss, and the man can create an advantageous score due to the more use of the post-field attack and the strong attack, so the processing of the rear-field opportunity ball is more fierce and the technical requirement is higher, The result of the backward field is the main loss area under its favorable situation, and the women's ability to attack the back field is relatively weak. This will inevitably bring forward the higher requirements for the rubbing, hooking and pushing of the front yard, leading to the loss of the front yard of the women in the dominant situation. The average rate of the man's loss in the unfavorable condition is about 27%, and the female is only about 7%, and the two have a very obvious difference, which shows that the man's athletes pay more attention to the multi-beat pressure opponent and the ability to win the victory, and attach importance to the continuous attack ability. It also shows how to effectively defend the opponent's attack, how to get rid of the continuous attack of the opponent, there is no effective method and countermeasure, and the women's mobile ability, jumping and other explosive force are weaker than the men, resulting in the adoption of the technology even in the unfavorable situation, It is still difficult for the opponent to continue to expand the favorable situation, which is an important reason for the low loss rate of women in the unfavorable situation. The loss of the man's post-field is only about 11% of the negative loss, and the loss of the woman in the post-field is up to 41%, and therefore, in the case of the limited physical fitness of the woman, How to solve the difficult situation of the loss rate under the unfavorable situation of the post-field by the transition technology should be the consideration of the women's badminton player system. Although the loss of the male is less in the disadvantage of the latter, the probability of obtaining the score in the unfavorable condition of the latter can be said to be very small, and in the unfavorable situation of the latter, the woman still has a certain probability of anti-passivity as the initiative or even the direct score. Men's badminton players have more than 60% of the half-time unfavorable situation as a proportion of the overall loss, the negative situation of the midfield is the most important aspect of the overall adverse state loss, and the women's offensive ability in the back field is weaker, the attack speed is weaker than that of the men, and at the same time, the ability to control the net front after the post-field attack is also difficult to compare with the man, which causes the woman to be in a disadvantage in the middle of the midfield to a much smaller degree with respect to the man, leading to a woman's player, even if the midfielder is in an unfavorable state, through the use of various techniques, Still can get rid of the negative situation. 8. The technical and tactical characteristics of women's athletes are typical of women's characteristics. The technical and tactical characteristics of the women's athletes are significantly different from that of men. The skills and tactics of the badminton women should explore the technical and tactical methods suitable for the physical characteristics of the women, and should not be characterized by the technical and tactical characteristics of the men. The method is to copy the template, which may not only be feasible, but also the characteristics of the physical quality of the women.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G847

【参考文献】