论武术的“技击弱化”

发布时间：2018-12-15 17:15

【摘要】："技击弱化"是自明清以来拳种形态产生后武术发生的一个历史事实。运用文献资料、历史分析研究方法,从武术技击弱化现象产生原因、技击弱化对于武术发展之利与弊、如何看待这一现象三个方面展开讨论。认为:1)武术技击弱化现象的产生,是社会需要和武术技术结构改变两个内外部、主客观原因所共同导致。2)正如其他事物一样,"技击弱化"对于武术之发展,也是利弊兼有。利的一方面,"技击弱化"现象的发生,方使武术获得了巨大内容承载力,从而成就"中国武术"相异于他国武技的独特面貌;弊的一方面,"技击弱化"现象的发生和不断加重,引发了人们对武术本质的重重疑惑,造成武术理论研究进展缓慢且散乱无序,武术实践也往往舍本逐末、挂一漏万。3)对待武术"技击弱化"现象的态度,主要取决于我们是将武术当作一门技术或技艺的定位。拳种的形成是武术由技术向艺术升华的分水岭,这一升华虽以武术技击功能的相对弱化为代价,但所换来的,却是其社会适应能力更强、受众面更广的多元功能价值上的"百花齐放"。4)面对当今武术"技击弱化"的现实只能"取其两端而用中"。"取其两端"即抓住朝向难美性极致的套路和朝向对抗性极致的格斗。"用中"则包含两层含义:以武术"攻防"本质统摄这两个分化后的极端,不令其产生对母体的异化;将处于两个极致之间的,既能练又能打、既讲打又不专执于打的拳种门户,作为武术发展之"主抓手"。
[Abstract]:The weakening of martial arts is a historical fact since the formation of boxing form in Ming and Qing dynasties. By using the methods of literature and historical analysis, this paper discusses the causes of the weakening of martial arts, the advantages and disadvantages of the weakening of martial arts, and how to treat this phenomenon. It is believed that: 1) the phenomenon of weakening of martial arts skills is caused by both social needs and changes in the structure of martial arts techniques, and both subjective and objective reasons. 2) just like other things, the phenomenon of "weakening of martial arts" is the development of martial arts. There are both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, the phenomenon of "weakening of skill and attack" makes Wushu gain a great bearing capacity of content, which makes "Chinese Wushu" different from other countries' unique appearance of martial arts. On the one hand, the phenomenon of "technical attack weakening" has become more and more serious, which leads to people's doubts about the essence of Wushu, which results in the slow progress and disorder of Wushu theory research, and the practice of Wushu is also very difficult. The attitude towards the phenomenon of "weakening of martial arts" mainly depends on the position that we regard Wushu as a technique or skill. The formation of martial arts is a watershed from technology to artistic sublimation. Although this sublimation comes at the cost of the relative weakening of martial arts' technical and attacking functions, what it gains is that it has a stronger ability to adapt to the society. In the face of the present reality of martial arts "attack weakening", we can only "take its two ends and use it". 4) "A hundred flowers bloom" in the multi-functional value of a wider audience. 4) in the face of the present reality of martial arts "attack weakening", we can only "take both ends and use them". The two ends of it, that is, to seize the way towards the beauty of the extreme and toward the confrontation of the ultimate fighting. The use of "middle" contains two meanings: the essence of Wushu "attack and defense" dominates the two extremes after differentiation, which does not cause the alienation of the mother body; Will be in between the two extreme, can both practice and fight, both speaking and not exclusively in the fight of boxing portal, as the development of martial arts "master grip."
【作者单位】：上海体育学院武术学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金资助青年项目《武术技术的文化蕴含研究》(项目编号:16CTY019)
【分类号】：G852

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