我国高水平跳水运动员陆地模拟动作肌电特征及力量训练方法的研究

发布时间：2018-12-20 08:35

【摘要】：为了不断明确优秀跳水运动员不同动作的肌电特征,提高力量训练的针对性和科学性。本文采用肌电测试仪(megawin6000-16)完成了对8位跳水运动员(4名跳板运动员和4名跳台运动员;年龄:17.50±2.10岁)不同陆地模拟动作的测试(跳板:104 B、202 B、302 B、402 B;跳台:202 C、302 C、402 C、102 C),并完成了27名跳水运动员(男:16.79±3.41岁,n=14;女:15.9±4.51岁,n=13)的身体力量素质指标的测试。结果表明:(1)在跳板动作中,104B、202B、302B与402B中腓肠肌的积分肌电值相对较高分别为78.50uVs、92.00uVs、51.00uVs与96.00uVs,并且动员能力都非常的强。(2)在跳台动作中,102C、202C、302C与402C中腓肠肌的积分肌电值同样相对较高分别为78.25uVs、109.00uVs、149.25uVs与71.50uVs。其他肌肉只在个别动作中显示较强的动员能力。(3)通过对该项目运动员力量素质的测试,制定了该项目运动员的离差评价表,便于对该项目运动员进行评价和诊断。男子跳水运动员在原地摸高指数、卧推指数、跳神跨越指数、深蹲指数、后抛实心球指数与夹球收腹跳指数上高于女子运动员,在跪姿推拉滚轴上女子运动员好于男子运动员,在悬垂举腿上差别不并大。(4)力量训练应注意在稳定的基础上发展快速力量、注重运用一般力量发展专项力量、注重力量训练方法的选择与加强功能性训练。结论:(1)从对跳水运动员的肌电测试来看,腓肠肌在不同的技术动作中表现出中重要的用力特征,它不仅能展示出竖脊肌和臀大肌等的协调配合,还是跳水运动中的主用力肌群,能从技术动作的持续时间上显示出爆发力和控制动作的力量特征。以后的力量训练需要进行更新,着重加强对腓肠肌训练的改进,在运动员的训练中突出平衡、稳定和快速的力量训练。(2)通过对跳水运动员的相关力量训练方法设计和应用,重点对运动员的不同部位进行了快速力量和平衡稳定性力量的训练,单独发展快速力量的效果并不明显,该项目运动员的快速力量必须建立在平衡稳定性力量的基础之上才更有意义。(3)多数运动员在平衡稳定性力量方面存在一定的劣势现象,而平衡稳定性力量训练对该项目运动员显然有着突出的作用。为此,进一步提高这种能力是关键,这可能也是提高弹跳力的基础力量保障。(4)功能性力量训练虽已广泛使用,但不够系统和规范,系统性和规范性是力量训练的基本要求,应设计和完善该种力量训练的手段和方法,使其更有利于该项目运动员的专项力量的提高。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the electromyography characteristics of excellent divers in different movements and improve the pertinence and scientificalness of strength training. In this paper, 8 divers (4 springboard athletes and 4 platform jumpers) have been completed by using electromyography (megawin6000-16). Age: 17.50 卤2.10 years old) the test of different land simulated movements (springboard: 104B: 102B), springboard: 202Cf302Cn402C102and finished 27 divers (male: 16.79 卤3.41yr, nnb14; platform: 202Cf302Cf402C102b), (male: 16.79 卤3.41yr, n = 14); Female: 15.9 卤4.51 years old, nai 13). The results showed that: (1) in the springboard, the integral myoelectric values of gastrocnemius in 104B and 402B were 78.50uVs92.00uVs51.00uVs and 96.00uVsrespectively, and the mobilization ability was very strong. (2) in platform jumping, The integral myoelectric values of gastrocnemius in 102Cn20C302C and 402C were 78.25uVs1 109.00uVs1 149.25uVs and 71.50uVsrespectively. Other muscles only show strong mobilization ability in individual movements. (3) by testing the strength and quality of the athletes in the event, the deviation evaluation table of the athletes is made, which is convenient for the evaluation and diagnosis of the athletes in the event. Male divers are higher than female athletes in touching high index in situ, lying down pushing index, jumping over index, squatting index, throwing solid ball index and trapping index. Women athletes are better than male athletes in kneeling push and pull rollers. (4) strength training should pay attention to the development of fast strength on the basis of stability, the development of special strength with general strength, the selection of strength training methods and the strengthening of functional training. Conclusion: (1) from the electromyography test of divers, the gastrocnemius muscle shows important force characteristics in different technical movements. It can not only show the coordination of erector spinal muscle and gluteus maximus, etc. Or the main force muscle group in diving can show the force characteristics of explosive force and control action from the duration of technical action. Later strength training needs to be renewed, with emphasis on strengthening the improvement of gastrocnemius training so as to give prominence to balance in the training of athletes. Stable and fast strength training. (2) through the design and application of relevant strength training methods for divers, the emphasis is placed on the training of fast strength and balanced stability strength in different parts of the athletes. The effect of developing fast forces alone is not obvious. The fast strength of athletes in this event must be based on the balance of stability strength to be more meaningful. (3) most athletes have a certain disadvantage in balancing stability strength. And the balance stability strength training obviously has the outstanding function to this item athlete. To this end, further enhancement of this capability is key, which may also be the basic force guarantee for improving resilience. (4) functional strength training, while widely used, is not systematic and normative, Systematization and standardization are the basic requirements of strength training. The means and methods of strength training should be designed and perfected so as to improve the special strength of the athletes in this event.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.2

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