跆拳道裁判员注意瞬脱特征及ERP特征研究

发布时间：2018-12-28 14:46

【摘要】：运用事件相关电位技术,针对跆拳道裁判员注意能力特别是注意瞬脱效应中,对刺激物的注意加工特点及ERP脑电特征进行研究。本研究旨在根据跆拳道裁判员注意能力的特点及差异,提出可行有效的裁判员心理训练方案。经过对不同等级跆拳道裁判员注意瞬脱效应进行行为和神经机制的比较,研究结果如下:(1)测试中国家级及以上的裁判员与三级裁判员均出现注意完全瞬脱现象。实验组被试和对照组被试均在P8位置的注意瞬脱达到最高点。(2)国家级裁判员与三级裁判员都在P1位置出现了注意瞬脱下降的趋势,随着时间的推移,注意瞬脱稳步上升,但是在P8位置时,注意瞬脱骤然下降至最低谷,并且都达到了完全瞬脱程度,出现“二次瞬脱”现象。(3)国家级裁判员出现注意瞬脱效应的时间点相较对初级裁判员出现注意瞬脱效应的时间点更晚,国家级裁判员注意瞬脱的持续时间相较于初级裁判员也更短。由此表明初级裁判员注意瞬脱的程度比实验组重。(4)国家级裁判员大脑皮层顶区和中央顶区诱发N1的潜伏期明显小于初级裁判员被试。说明国家级裁判员在对刺激出现的时间进程中,所进行的心理加工过程更短,对目标的加工速度明显快于对照组被试。国家级裁判员和初级裁判员大脑各区域诱发N1波幅不存在差异性,说明两组被试在加工刺激时,大脑各区的激活程度相同。(5)国家级裁判员大脑皮层顶区诱发的P300潜伏期显著小于初级裁判员。表明国家级裁判员对目标刺激和探测刺激的加工速度更快,整个注意瞬脱效应的持续时间更短。国家级裁判员在大脑顶区诱发的P300平均波幅显著初级裁判员,再次说明实验组被试由于大脑对刺激物认知的加工策略的优化模式,在相同刺激注意资源分配更合理,对刺激的加工效率更高。(6)国家级裁判员在大脑皮层顶区和中央顶区诱发的N400潜伏期显著小于初级裁判员。国家级裁判员大脑皮层中央区、顶区和中央顶区诱发的N400平均波幅显著小于初级裁判员。这一现象表明,国家级裁判员对探测刺激P的加工相较于对初级裁判员更善于深层次的语义加工。根据实验结果,本研究引入内隐学习方法为主的心理训练方法,从实际应用角度和跆拳道裁判员培养机制出发,制定了提高裁判员注意瞬脱能力的心理训练方案,优化跆拳道裁判员注意瞬脱效应,提高裁判员执裁能力。
[Abstract]:Based on the event-related potential technique, the attention processing characteristics and ERP EEG characteristics of the stimulator were studied in taekwondo referees' attention ability, especially in the attention transient effect. According to the characteristics and differences of taekwondo referees' attention ability, this study proposes a feasible and effective psychological training scheme for referees. The results are as follows: (1) at the national level and above, all the referees and the third level referees showed the phenomenon of complete instantaneous attention during the test. The results of the study were as follows: (1) at the national level and above, all the referees at the national level and above showed the phenomenon of complete instantaneous attention. In the experimental group and the control group, the attention flash reached the highest point in the P8 position. (2) both the national referee and the third referee showed a decreasing trend in the P1 position, and with the passage of time, the attention transient increased steadily. But in the P8 position, note that the transient drop suddenly dropped to the lowest point, and all reached the full transient level. (3) the time point of the national referee's attention to the instantaneous drop effect was later than that of the junior referee, and the time point of the national referee's appearance of the notice instantaneous effect was much later than that of the junior referee. The duration of the national referee's attention to the blink is also shorter than that of the junior referee. The results showed that the degree of attention blink of the primary referees was more serious than that of the experimental group. (4) the latency of N1 induced by the parietal and central parietal regions of the national referees was significantly lower than that of the primary referees. The results showed that the process of mental processing was shorter and the processing speed of the target was faster than that of the control group. There was no difference in the amplitude of N1 evoked by different regions of the brain between the national referee and the junior referee, which indicated that the two groups were involved in processing stimulation. (5) the P300 latency induced by the parietal region of the cerebral cortex of the national referees was significantly lower than that of the primary referees. The results show that the processing speed of target stimulus and detection stimulus is faster and the duration of the whole attention transient effect is shorter. The P300 average amplitude induced by national referees in the parietal region of the brain was significantly higher than that of the primary referees. Again, it was shown that the experimental group subjects were more reasonable in the allocation of attention resources in the same stimuli because of the optimal processing strategies of the brain cognition of stimuli. (6) the N400 latency induced by national referees in the parietal and central parietal regions of the cerebral cortex was significantly lower than that of the primary referees. The average amplitude of N400 induced by the central, parietal and central parietal regions of the national referees was significantly lower than that of the primary referees. This phenomenon indicates that national referees are better at deep semantic processing than primary referees. According to the results of the experiment, this study introduces the psychological training method which is based on implicit learning method. From the perspective of practical application and the training mechanism of taekwondo referees, a psychological training scheme is developed to improve the referee's ability to pay attention to the instant. Optimize the taekwondo referee to pay attention to the instantaneous effect, improve the referee's ability to judge.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.9

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