篮球运动员爆发性转身动作肌电变化特征的实验研究
发布时间：2018-12-29 12:22
【摘要】：篮球转身技术作为篮球进攻技术之一,在摆脱防守队员过程发挥着很重要的作用,为了更好的保护球,必须提高进攻队员的转身技术应用。采用爆发性转身动作训练,为了探究其对篮球转身动作的功效,本研究采用表面肌电进行测试,对肌电数据进行统计与对比,分析转身动作的肌肉放电时序、贡献率和积分肌电值,旨在探寻力量训练方法和转身动作训练的有效契合点,并进一步检验此训练手段对篮球转身动作中爆发性提高的作用。研究对象:首都体育学院运动训练专业大三年级的9名男子篮球队运动员。研究方法:采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法、比较分析法和专家访谈法。研究结果:1.徒手爆发性前转身动作的肌肉放电时序以右侧的臀大肌最先发力。后转身动作最先激活左侧的竖脊肌。前后转身动作肌肉贡献率以股直肌(左、右)、腓肠肌(右)最大。前后转身动作积分肌电值以腹直肌存在着极显著的差异;2.负重的爆发性前后转身动作肌肉贡献率以股直肌(左、右)与腓肠肌(右)为主要用力肌肉。前后转身动作积分肌电值:在前转身,负重4kg与6kg比较时,腓肠肌右变化非常显著,后转身时,腹直肌下降,臀大肌与腹外斜肌增长;3.抗阻爆发性前转身动作肌肉放电时序:抗阻的三个阻力下,以竖脊肌最早被激活,时间较晚。后转身动作时,在抗阻2kg肌肉动员时间没提前;抗阻4kg,肌肉提前进入放电状态;4.三种状态下爆发性前后转身动作肌肉放电时序以背阔肌、竖脊肌的激活时间较早,持续放电较久。肌肉贡献率在徒手与负重对比,前后转身动作同一块肌肉的贡献率基本一致。研究结论:1.徒手爆发性前后转身动作最先激活的肌肉分别为右侧臀大肌和左侧竖脊肌。左右侧股直肌及右侧腓肠肌的肌肉贡献率最大,在积分肌电值的变化中,左侧臀大肌、左侧股直肌存在显著性差异,腹直肌存在着极显著的差异。2.徒手与负重状态下,前后转身动作同一块肌肉的贡献率基本一致,随着负重量的增加,下肢肌肉群的放电持续时间有所增加,还调动了腹外斜肌的参与,其肌肉贡献率明显增加。3.抗阻训练对腰腹肌肉影响较小。前转身时左侧股直肌积分肌电值随阻力增加明显提高,后转身时左侧臀大肌的积分肌电值随阻力增加明显提高。适当的阻力练习能保障肌肉的放电持续时间,但并不是阻力越大放电持续时间越长。
[Abstract]:As one of the basketball offensive techniques, basketball turning technology plays an important role in the process of getting rid of the defensive players. In order to better protect the ball, the application of the turning technology of the attacking players must be improved. In order to explore its effect on basketball turning action, the surface electromyography was used to test and compare the EMG data, and the time sequence of muscle discharge was analyzed. The contribution rate and integral EMG value are aimed at exploring the effective convergence point between the strength training method and the turning movement training, and further examining the effect of this training method on the explosive improvement of the basketball turning movement. Participants: nine male basketball team players in the junior year of sports training major in Capital Institute of physical Education. Methods: literature, experiment, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and expert interview were used. Results: 1. The muscle discharge sequence of the hand-to-hand forward-turn movement is the first to the right gluteus maximus. The back turn first activates the left chiropractor muscle. The muscle contribution rate of the front and back turn movement was the largest in rectus femoris (left, right) and gastrocnemius (right). There was a significant difference in the integral EMG value of the anterior and posterior turn between the rectus abdominis and the rectus abdominis; 2. The muscle contribution rate of turning around before and after the load was mainly the muscle of rectus femoris (left, right) and gastrocnemius (right). In front and back turn action integral myoelectric value: in front turn, weight bearing 4kg compared with 6kg, the right change of gastrocnemius muscle was very significant, after turning, the rectus abdominis muscle decreased, the gluteus maximus muscle and external oblique muscle increased; 3. The time sequence of muscle discharges in the front turn movement of resistance to explosion: under the three resistance of resistance, the erector spinal muscle was first activated, and the time was relatively late. After turning around, the time of muscle mobilization in resisting 2kg was not advanced, the resistance was 4 kg, the muscle entered into discharge state in advance, and 4. 3%. In the three states, the time sequence of muscle discharges was latissimus dorsi and erector spinal muscle, and the duration of discharges was longer than that of latissimus dorsi muscle. The ratio of muscle contribution was basically the same as that of the same muscle. Conclusion: 1. The muscles that were first activated before and after the flare were the right gluteus maximus and the left vertical spinal muscle. The muscle contribution rate of the right and left rectus femoris and the right gastrocnemius muscle was the largest. There were significant differences between the left gluteus maximus muscle and the left rectus femoris muscle and the rectus abdominis muscle. 2. Under the condition of bare hand and weight bearing, the contribution rate of the same muscle was basically the same. With the increase of load, the discharge duration of lower extremity muscle group increased, and the external oblique abdominal muscle was involved. Its muscle contribution rate increased significantly. Resistance training has little effect on lumbar abdominal muscles. The integral myoelectric value of the left rectus femoris muscle increased significantly with the increase of resistance while that of the left gluteus maximus muscle increased with the increase of resistance. Proper resistance exercises can guarantee the duration of muscle discharge, but not the longer the resistance is.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841
本文编号：2394826
[Abstract]:As one of the basketball offensive techniques, basketball turning technology plays an important role in the process of getting rid of the defensive players. In order to better protect the ball, the application of the turning technology of the attacking players must be improved. In order to explore its effect on basketball turning action, the surface electromyography was used to test and compare the EMG data, and the time sequence of muscle discharge was analyzed. The contribution rate and integral EMG value are aimed at exploring the effective convergence point between the strength training method and the turning movement training, and further examining the effect of this training method on the explosive improvement of the basketball turning movement. Participants: nine male basketball team players in the junior year of sports training major in Capital Institute of physical Education. Methods: literature, experiment, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and expert interview were used. Results: 1. The muscle discharge sequence of the hand-to-hand forward-turn movement is the first to the right gluteus maximus. The back turn first activates the left chiropractor muscle. The muscle contribution rate of the front and back turn movement was the largest in rectus femoris (left, right) and gastrocnemius (right). There was a significant difference in the integral EMG value of the anterior and posterior turn between the rectus abdominis and the rectus abdominis; 2. The muscle contribution rate of turning around before and after the load was mainly the muscle of rectus femoris (left, right) and gastrocnemius (right). In front and back turn action integral myoelectric value: in front turn, weight bearing 4kg compared with 6kg, the right change of gastrocnemius muscle was very significant, after turning, the rectus abdominis muscle decreased, the gluteus maximus muscle and external oblique muscle increased; 3. The time sequence of muscle discharges in the front turn movement of resistance to explosion: under the three resistance of resistance, the erector spinal muscle was first activated, and the time was relatively late. After turning around, the time of muscle mobilization in resisting 2kg was not advanced, the resistance was 4 kg, the muscle entered into discharge state in advance, and 4. 3%. In the three states, the time sequence of muscle discharges was latissimus dorsi and erector spinal muscle, and the duration of discharges was longer than that of latissimus dorsi muscle. The ratio of muscle contribution was basically the same as that of the same muscle. Conclusion: 1. The muscles that were first activated before and after the flare were the right gluteus maximus and the left vertical spinal muscle. The muscle contribution rate of the right and left rectus femoris and the right gastrocnemius muscle was the largest. There were significant differences between the left gluteus maximus muscle and the left rectus femoris muscle and the rectus abdominis muscle. 2. Under the condition of bare hand and weight bearing, the contribution rate of the same muscle was basically the same. With the increase of load, the discharge duration of lower extremity muscle group increased, and the external oblique abdominal muscle was involved. Its muscle contribution rate increased significantly. Resistance training has little effect on lumbar abdominal muscles. The integral myoelectric value of the left rectus femoris muscle increased significantly with the increase of resistance while that of the left gluteus maximus muscle increased with the increase of resistance. Proper resistance exercises can guarantee the duration of muscle discharge, but not the longer the resistance is.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 张有明;庄建财;;身体运动功能训练理论探究[J];搏击(武术科学);2014年08期
2 刘夏;王惠娟;吴红瑛;杜东;范建中;;腰背核心肌群在等速旋转运动中力矩和表面肌电的特征[J];中国康复医学杂志;2013年04期
3 戎成;;篮球运球后转身动作的运动学分析[J];吉林广播电视大学学报;2012年07期
4 何斌;;篮球运球后转身动作的运动解剖学分析[J];当代教育论坛(教学研究);2011年11期
5 尚作涛;;影响篮球长传快攻战术的因素研究[J];山东教育学院学报;2009年05期
6 李青青;吴宗耀;罗利平;;表面肌电图的信度研究[J];中国康复医学杂志;2006年03期
7 王凌云,肖云,马艳芬,王锋,孟宪华,蔡明明;应用表面肌电图评定乒乓球运动员的上肢肌疲劳[J];中国临床康复;2005年04期
8 王健;静态负荷肌肉疲劳过程中表面肌电图功率谱转移特征[J];中国运动医学杂志;2001年02期
9 王健;sEMG信号分析及其应用研究进展[J];体育科学;2000年04期
10 聂金雷,张勇;运动性疲劳的肌电图特征[J];天津体育学院学报;2000年02期
，本文编号：2394826
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jiaoyulunwen/tylw/2394826.html
