山东省男子自由式摔跤高水平运动员在训练中运动损伤现状及致因研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 09:28

【摘要】：摔跤作为自古奥运会便存在的运动项目,结合了力与美的特征,但从近两年摔跤整体世界格局来看,摔跤项目出现了日暮西山的感觉。这种现象的导致自然有其诱因,而其中重要的因素之一便是运动损伤。在高水平运动员训练比赛中,队员需要完成诸多对身体的控制,如转身、抱摔、扭转等复杂多变的高难度动作,在如此繁复的运动中,行动力以及人体本身的结构缺陷等因素的不协调,造成了机体的损伤。运动损伤的发生对运动员成绩的影响是多方面的:首先,会打破机体运动器官之间的平衡性;其次,造成教练员在训练安排上的困惑;然而更有甚者会给运动员造成沉重的心理负担,这方方面面的影响,无不是运动员前进中的阻碍且影响深远。本文以山东省省队以及山东省地方队自由式摔跤优秀运动员为研究对象,运用问卷调查法、数理统计法等方法,对自由式摔跤运动员运动损伤情况进行了调查研究,通过统计结果了解损伤现状和损伤发生发展的过程,以指导运动员在有效提高成绩的同时了解损伤、预防损伤,延长运动员运动生涯。本次研究结论如下:1、我省自由式摔跤高水平运动员损伤状况严重,受伤率达100%,人均受伤3.23次。大部分运动员损伤后可以参加正常训练(74.54%)。2、在运动损伤病程上以慢性损伤为主,占总损伤的61.23%,急性损伤为辅,占38.37%。易损伤部位主要集中在膝关节、头面部、腰部、踝部、肘部、肩部等部位。3、自由式摔跤高水平运动员急性损伤在损伤阶段分布上,主要集中于专项技术阶段(54.81%)和身体训练阶段(30.77%),比赛阶段(8.65%)、其他阶段(4.81%)和准备活动及放松阶段(0.96%)则相对较少。6、自由式摔跤运动员的损伤原因主要分为潜在原因和直接原因。潜在原因为自由式摔跤的项目特点和自由式摔跤规则的改变;直接原因主要有以下几点:身体素质差、注意力不集中、局部负担过重、带伤参加训练比赛、身体疲劳、受伤后治疗不及时、准备活动不合理、带着情绪参加训练比赛。针对以上状况提出对策如下:1、普及运动损伤知识,提高运动员预防伤病的意识和能力。2、加强基础性训练,使运动员具备专项训练应有的身体素质,调整身体,使之处于良好的机能状态。3、遵循循序渐进、系统化、个别对待的训练原则,制定科学、合理、系统的训练计划,减少因训练课程安排不当所造成的损伤。4、加强医务监督工作,定期对运动员进行体格检查。教练员、医务工作者必须密切配合,对伤病患者提出行之有效的治疗方案和恢复手段。此外,加强运动员的自我监督意识,做到早汇报、早治疗、早预防。5、教练员应关注运动员的心理健康,积极与运动员进行沟通,汲取反馈信息,相应调整训练安排和计划,使训练内容动态化,防止枯燥。6、教练员应在训练之余,关注解剖学、心理学等相关知识,以科学武装自己,并实施与训练之中,探索行之有效的训练方法和措施。
[Abstract]:Wrestling, as a sport that has existed since the ancient Olympic Games, combines the characteristics of force and beauty, but from the overall world pattern of wrestling in the past two years, wrestling events appear the feeling of sunset. The cause of this phenomenon has its own inducement, and one of the important factors is sports injury. In the training competition of high-level athletes, the players need to complete a lot of physical control, such as turning around, hugging and falling, twisting and so on. In such complicated and complicated sports, The disharmony of the action force and the structure defect of the human body caused the damage of the body. The influence of sports injury on athletes' performance is various: firstly, it will break the balance between the body's sports organs, secondly, it will cause the coaches' confusion in the training arrangement. However, there is even a heavy psychological burden on athletes, all of which are obstacles in the progress of athletes and far-reaching impact. This paper takes the excellent freestyle wrestlers of Shandong Province and local teams of Shandong Province as the research object, and makes an investigation and research on the sports injury of freestyle wrestlers by means of questionnaire, mathematical statistics and other methods. Through the statistical results to understand the current situation and the process of injury development in order to guide athletes to effectively improve their performance at the same time to understand injuries prevent injuries and prolong athletes' sports career. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. The injury rate of freestyle wrestlers in our province is 100 and 3.23 times per capita. Most athletes can take part in normal training after injury (74.54%). 2. Chronic injury accounts for 61.23% of total injury, and acute injury is secondary (38.37%). The vulnerable sites are mainly in the knee joint, head and face, waist, ankle, elbow, shoulder and so on. It was mainly concentrated in the special technical stage (54.81%) and physical training stage (30.77%), the competition stage (8.65%), the other stage (4.81%) and the preparation and relaxation stage (0.96%). The injury causes of freestyle wrestlers are mainly divided into potential causes and direct causes. The potential causes are the characteristics of freestyle wrestling and the change of the rules of freestyle wrestling. The direct reasons are as follows: poor physical fitness, inattention, excessive local burden, injury to participate in the training competition, physical fatigue, after the injury treatment is not timely, the preparation activities are unreasonable, with emotion to participate in the training competition. The countermeasures are as follows: 1. Popularize sports injury knowledge, improve athletes' consciousness and ability to prevent injury. 2. Strengthen basic training, make athletes have the physical quality due to special training, adjust body, Make it in a good functional condition. 3. Follow the training principles of gradual, systematic and individual treatment, formulate scientific, reasonable and systematic training plans, and reduce the damage caused by improper arrangement of training courses. Strengthen the work of medical supervision, regular physical examination of athletes. Coaches and medical workers must cooperate closely to put forward effective treatment and recovery methods for the injured patients. In addition, to strengthen athletes' self-supervision consciousness, to make early report, early treatment and early prevention. 5. Coaches should pay attention to athletes' mental health, actively communicate with athletes, draw feedback information, and adjust training arrangements and plans accordingly. 6. Besides training, coaches should pay attention to the relevant knowledge of anatomy and psychology, arm themselves with science, implement and train, and explore effective training methods and measures.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.2;R873

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