男子自由体操创新动作及其发展趋势研究

发布时间：2019-01-04 07:57

【摘要】：男子自由体操是竞技体操比赛项目,在整个竞技体操的历史发展过程中有着重要的地位和积极的作用。创新不仅是社会发展的动力和源泉,在体操比赛中创新同样是制胜的法宝。韩国跳马运动员梁鹤善,在2011年第43届东京体操世锦赛跳马项目决赛中,首次使用了以自己名字命名的创新动作“梁鹤善跳”,并夺得跳马冠军。国际体操联合会为表达对体操创新动作的鼓励和支持,专门给予梁鹤善10万美元的创新奖励,创新动作对体操发展的重要性可见一斑。因此,对男子自由体操动作不断创新成为自由体操发展的需要。从男子自由体操运动实践的发展现状和自由体操创新理论的研究来看,两者表现出不相适应的状况。就中国男子自由体操比赛实践而言,已经居于世界先进水平,但相比之下,自由体操的创新理论研究还是比较薄弱的,亟待解决的问题还有很多。基于此,本文把“男子自由体操创新动作”作为本研究的主要内容。无论是将男子自由体操作为我国体操队的一个训练内容,还是将其作为中国竞技体操的优势项目,都迫切需要从专项创新理论的研究上提高运动员的技能水平。因此,对男子自由体操创新动作发展趋势进行的研究是十分必要的。本研究以文献资料、录像分析、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,对男子自由体操创新动作的演变历程、2013年版评分规则男子自由体操规定动作中的体操创新动作,以及最近三届国际性男子自由体操比赛中出现的创新动作做了较为系统的分析和研究,努力探索男子自由体操创新动作及其发展趋势。从而促进中国男子自由体操项目创新动作的均衡和可持续性发展。研究表明:(1)男子自由体操创新动作走向“高科技化”。现代科学技术的应用加快了自由体操创新动作发展的速度,并且节省了运动员创新动作的训练时间,同时也减少了运动训练的盲目性和不必要的损伤。(2)男子自由体操创新动作逐渐贴上“个人专属”的标签。由于受到创新者自身特点的限制,新的创新动作不再适合所有的运动员,创新动作将会很难被其他运动员模仿。(3)男子自由体操创新动作的发展方向和内容越发受到评分规则的限制。评分规则的修改会逐渐淘汰掉某些容易对运动员造成危险的创新动作,并引导创新动作的发展方向。(4)高难度成为男子自由体操创新动作发展的主旋律。“E”组及以上高难度创新动作价值分更高,更有助于运动员获得好的成绩。
[Abstract]:Men's floor exercise is an event of competitive gymnastics, which plays an important and active role in the historical development of gymnastics. Innovation is not only the motive force and source of social development, but also the magic weapon of winning in gymnastics competition. In the 2011 final of the 43rd Tokyo Gymnastics World Championship, South Korean vaulter Liang Heshan used his own name for the first time, "Liang Heshan jump," and won the vault title. The International Gymnastics Federation, in order to express its encouragement and support for the innovation of gymnastics, specially gave Liang Heshan an innovation reward of US $100000. The importance of the innovative movement to the development of gymnastics can be seen. Therefore, to the man floor exercise movement unceasingly innovates becomes the floor exercise development needs. From the development of the practice of men's floor exercise and the study of the innovation theory of floor exercise, the two show different conditions. As far as the practice of Chinese men's floor exercise competition is concerned, it is already at the advanced level in the world, but in contrast, the theoretical research on the innovation of floor exercise is still relatively weak, and there are still many problems to be solved. Based on this, this paper regards the creative movement of men's floor exercise as the main content of this study. It is urgent to improve the skill level of athletes from the research of special innovation theory, whether the men's floor exercise is regarded as a training content of our country's gymnastics team or as an advantage item of Chinese athletics gymnastics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development trend of men's floor exercise. Based on the methods of literature, video analysis, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, this study makes an analysis of the evolution of men's floor exercises, the 2013 edition of scoring rules, and the gymnastic creative movements in the specified movements of men's floor exercises. In addition, the author makes a systematic analysis and research on the innovative movements in the recent three international men's floor exercises, and tries to explore the innovative movements and their development trends of men's floor exercises. Thus promoting the balanced and sustainable development of Chinese men's floor exercise innovation. The research shows that: (1) the creative movement of men's floor exercise moves to "high technology". The application of modern science and technology accelerates the development of floor exercises and saves the training time of athletes. At the same time, it also reduces the blindness and unnecessary injury of sports training. (2) the creative movement of men's floor exercise is gradually labeled as "personal exclusive". Because of the limitations of the innovator's own characteristics, the new innovation is no longer suitable for all athletes. Innovative movements will be difficult to be imitated by other athletes. (3) the development direction and content of men's floor exercises are more and more limited by scoring rules. The revision of the scoring rules will gradually eliminate some of the innovative actions that are dangerous to the athletes. And guide the development direction of creative action. (4) High difficulty become the main melody of the development of men's floor exercise creative action. "E" group and above high difficulty creative action value score higher, more conducive to athletes to obtain good results.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G832.1

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