高水平运动员自备比赛器械冗余参赛研究
发布时间：2019-01-17 20:04
【摘要】：为了探索我国高水平运动员自备比赛器械冗余参赛问题,引入自动化控制领域的冗余理论与方法,提出了高水平运动员自备比赛器械参赛的三冗余理论,并从多角度进行理论分析;其次,以偶发事件为情境,采用个案研究法对10个项目(乒乓球、网球、羽毛球、射击、射箭、击剑、撑杆跳、自行车、铁人三项和曲棍球)高水平运动员自备比赛器械的冗余参赛进行分析;在个案研究基础上,采用问卷调查法和数理统计法对隔网持拍对抗性项目高水平运动员自备比赛器械的冗余参赛进行了探析;最后,采用文献资料法和半结构式访谈法对夏季奥运会15个自备比赛器械项目的高水平运动员自备比赛器械的定制进行了探讨,旨在为促进竞技参赛学理论体系的完善和发展略尽绵薄之力。主要结论如下:(1)运动员自备比赛器械的三冗余理论是指在竞赛规则、经费、器材质量和维护等因素限制条件下,把三冗余作为运动员参赛时进行自备比赛器械准备的基本原则,以应对比赛中自备比赛器械的意外或偶发事件,或满足运动员完成技战术的选择性需求,从而保证运动员顺利参赛。(2)自备比赛器械的偶发事件为运动员提供两种情境,即为冗余参赛的运动员带来了机会,为未冗余参赛的运动员带来了威胁。偶发事件出现前,冗余参赛的运动员对自备比赛器械的准备做到有备无患;偶发事件出现时,运动员就有机会把冗余器械用于一时,正常发挥竞技水平;而对于未冗余参赛的运动员,则相反。偶发事件结束后,运动员对器械的维护追求极致,是冗余器械资源的补充手段,而未冗余参赛的运动员可能会加入到冗余参赛行列;运动员冗余参赛的三个阶段既相对独立又相互联系,为运动员顺利参赛,正常发挥竞技水平提供了物质保障。(3)隔网持拍对抗性项目中,高水平乒乓球运动员的自备比赛器械多为双冗余,高水平网球和羽毛球运动员的自备比赛器械多为多冗余。(4)隔网持拍对抗性项目高水平运动员对自备比赛器械使用概率的高低之分、赛中换用器械因素的主次之别表明运动水平越高的运动员,其器械感的精细程度越高。(5)为了实现自备比赛器械的冗余参赛,隔网持拍对抗性项目高水平运动员需要综合考虑球拍及其备件的材质、参数和性能,并结合自身的技术特点和个人习惯来选择球拍配置(优秀运动员要求更高,基本是“私人定制”);权衡影响自身确定器械冗余度的因素决定所需准备的器械数目;赛前对所备的球拍进行适应性训练以缩小主拍和备用拍之间“器械感”的差距。(6)自备比赛器械项目中,4个项目高水平运动员的自备比赛器械是定制的,包括自行车、乒乓球、网球和羽毛球;其他11个项目高水平运动员的自备比赛器械是非定制的,包括击剑、射击、射箭、赛艇、皮划艇、帆船帆板、现代五项、撑杆跳、铁人三项、曲棍球、艺术体操。其中定制的自备比赛器械可以分为完全定制、定制与自备相结合、定制与专业人员调试相结合三种方式;非定制的自备比赛器械可以分为配发与自己调试、配发与自己适应、配发与专业人员调试及租借或使用统一器材四种方式。(7)高水平运动员自备比赛器械的定制是要满足运动员精细的器械感之个性化需求,具有精准性和专属性。
[Abstract]:In ord to explore that problem of redundant entry of the self-contained competition device of high-level athletes in China, the redundant theory and method in the field of automatic control are introduced, the three-redundant theory of the competition device for high-level athletes is put forward, and the theoretical analysis is carried out from a multi-angle; and secondly, Taking incident as the context, the case study method is adopted to analyze the redundancy of 10 items (table tennis, tennis, badminton, shooting, archery, fencing, pole jumping, bicycle, iron and human triathlon and hockey), and on the basis of case study, The method of questionnaire and mathematical statistics is used to analyze the redundancy of the self-contained competition device of the high-level athletes of the high-level athletes of the high-level athletes by the method of questionnaire and mathematical statistics; and finally, By using the method of literature and semi-structured interview, the customization of the high-level athletes' self-contained competition devices in the 15 self-contained competition devices in the Summer Olympic Games is discussed, and the aim of this paper is to make a little effort to promote the perfection and development of the theoretical system of competitive competition. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The three-redundancy theory of the competitor's self-contained competition device refers to the basic principle of the preparation of the self-contained game device when the three-redundancy is used as the player in the competition rules, funds, equipment quality and maintenance. in order to meet the accident or accident of the self-contained game device in the game, or to meet the selective demand of the athletes to complete the technical tactics, so as to ensure the athletes to participate in the competition smoothly. (2) The incident of the self-contained game device provides two situations for the athletes, that is, the athletes with the redundant competition have the opportunity to pose a threat to the non-redundant athletes. Prior to the occurrence of the incident, the athletes of the redundant competition will be prepared for the preparation of the self-contained competition device; when the accident occurs, the player will have the opportunity to use the redundant device for a period of time and to play the competitive level normally; and for the non-redundant athletes, the opposite will be the same. At the end of the incident, the athlete's pursuit of the device's maintenance is the complementary means of the redundant device resources, and the athletes who do not participate in the competition may be added to the redundant competition. The three stages of the athletes' redundancy competition are both relatively independent and interrelated, and the athletes will participate in the competition smoothly. The normal play level provides material guarantee. (3) The self-contained competition device of the high-level table tennis player is multi-redundant, and the self-contained competition device of the high-level table tennis player is multi-redundant, and the self-contained game device of the high-level table tennis player is multi-redundant. (4) The higher the probability of the use of the self-contained competition device by the high-level athletes of the high-level athletes, the higher the level of motion, the higher the degree of sophistication of the device. (5) In order to achieve the redundant entry of the self-contained competition device, the high-level athletes of the competing project need to comprehensively consider the material, the parameters and the performance of the rackets and their spare parts, and select the racket configuration by combining the technical characteristics of the racket and the personal habits (the requirements for excellent athletes are higher, Basic is 鈥淧rivate customization鈥，
本文编号：2410334
[Abstract]:In ord to explore that problem of redundant entry of the self-contained competition device of high-level athletes in China, the redundant theory and method in the field of automatic control are introduced, the three-redundant theory of the competition device for high-level athletes is put forward, and the theoretical analysis is carried out from a multi-angle; and secondly, Taking incident as the context, the case study method is adopted to analyze the redundancy of 10 items (table tennis, tennis, badminton, shooting, archery, fencing, pole jumping, bicycle, iron and human triathlon and hockey), and on the basis of case study, The method of questionnaire and mathematical statistics is used to analyze the redundancy of the self-contained competition device of the high-level athletes of the high-level athletes of the high-level athletes by the method of questionnaire and mathematical statistics; and finally, By using the method of literature and semi-structured interview, the customization of the high-level athletes' self-contained competition devices in the 15 self-contained competition devices in the Summer Olympic Games is discussed, and the aim of this paper is to make a little effort to promote the perfection and development of the theoretical system of competitive competition. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The three-redundancy theory of the competitor's self-contained competition device refers to the basic principle of the preparation of the self-contained game device when the three-redundancy is used as the player in the competition rules, funds, equipment quality and maintenance. in order to meet the accident or accident of the self-contained game device in the game, or to meet the selective demand of the athletes to complete the technical tactics, so as to ensure the athletes to participate in the competition smoothly. (2) The incident of the self-contained game device provides two situations for the athletes, that is, the athletes with the redundant competition have the opportunity to pose a threat to the non-redundant athletes. Prior to the occurrence of the incident, the athletes of the redundant competition will be prepared for the preparation of the self-contained competition device; when the accident occurs, the player will have the opportunity to use the redundant device for a period of time and to play the competitive level normally; and for the non-redundant athletes, the opposite will be the same. At the end of the incident, the athlete's pursuit of the device's maintenance is the complementary means of the redundant device resources, and the athletes who do not participate in the competition may be added to the redundant competition. The three stages of the athletes' redundancy competition are both relatively independent and interrelated, and the athletes will participate in the competition smoothly. The normal play level provides material guarantee. (3) The self-contained competition device of the high-level table tennis player is multi-redundant, and the self-contained competition device of the high-level table tennis player is multi-redundant, and the self-contained game device of the high-level table tennis player is multi-redundant. (4) The higher the probability of the use of the self-contained competition device by the high-level athletes of the high-level athletes, the higher the level of motion, the higher the degree of sophistication of the device. (5) In order to achieve the redundant entry of the self-contained competition device, the high-level athletes of the competing project need to comprehensively consider the material, the parameters and the performance of the rackets and their spare parts, and select the racket configuration by combining the technical characteristics of the racket and the personal habits (the requirements for excellent athletes are higher, Basic is 鈥淧rivate customization鈥，
本文编号：2410334
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