不同运动量对少年心肺耐力和身体成分影响的干预研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 15:21

【摘要】：目的:探讨不同运动量的课后体力活动干预对青少年心肺耐力、身体成分的影响。方法:招募平均年龄12.7岁的少年67名(男34人,女33人),采用准实验设计,从不同的平行班级招募实验组(43人)和对照组(24人),两个实验组内部用随机数表法随机分成低量运动负荷组(L组)和高量运动负荷组(H组)。两个运动组在原有生活方式基础上进行每周5次的运动干预,强度为中等到较大强度(MVPA,50%以上储备心率),其中,L组每次30 min,H组每次60 min,对照组按照原有生活方式不变,共干预12周。使用气体代谢分析仪测量心肺耐力(CRF),生物电阻抗测量身体成分,比较各组干预前后CRF、身体成分的变化。结果:1)组内比较,L组干预后CRF比干预前明显提高(P0.05),H组干预后CRF亦明显高于干预前(P0.05);组间比较,L组和H组干预前、后CRF的提高幅度比对照组更大(P0.05),但L组和H组之间CRF的提高幅度无差异。2)组内比较,L组和H组男生干预后体脂百分比(BF%)均比干预前明显降低(P0.05),H组女生干预后BF%比干预前明显降低(P0.05);组间比较,H组女生干预前、后BF%下降幅度比对照组女生更多(P0.05),但男生各组之间干预前、后BF%下降幅度无统计学差异。结论:1)体力活动能够促进少年心肺耐力提高,但是二者并非简单的线性关系,在原有生活基础上增加每周5次、每次30 min或60 min MVPA,12周均可明显提高CRF。2)体力活动能够明显减少女生的体脂肪,且呈现剂量效应关系,只有在原有生活基础上增加每周5次、每次60 min MVPA的运动才起到一定的改善效果。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of physical activity intervention after class on cardiopulmonary endurance and body composition of adolescents. Methods: 67 adolescents (34 males and 33 females) with an average age of 12.7 years were recruited into the experimental group (43 persons) and the control group (24 cases) from different parallel classes by quasi-experimental design. The two experimental groups were randomly divided into low exercise load group (group L) and high exercise load group (group H). Two exercise groups were given exercise intervention five times a week on the basis of their original lifestyle. The intensity of exercise was moderate to high intensity (the reserve heart rate above MVPA,50%). Among them, group L had 60 min, of 30 min,H each time. Control group according to the original lifestyle unchanged, a total of 12 weeks intervention. Cardiopulmonary endurance (CRF),) bioelectrical impedance was measured by gas metabolism analyzer, and the changes of body composition of CRF, before and after intervention were compared. Results: 1) after intervention, CRF in group L was significantly higher than that before intervention (P0.05) CRF in), H group was significantly higher than that before intervention (P0.05). Before intervention, the increase of CRF in group L and group H was greater than that in control group (P0.05), but there was no difference between group L and group H in the increase of CRF. The percentage of body fat (BF%) of boys in group L and group H was significantly lower than that before intervention (P0.05). The BF% of female students in), H group was significantly lower than that before intervention (P0.05). Compared with other groups, before the intervention of H group, the decrease of BF% in H group was more than that in the control group (P0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the boys before intervention and after the decrease of BF%. Conclusion: 1) physical activity can improve cardiopulmonary endurance in adolescents, but the relationship between them is not a simple linear relationship, which increases 5 times a week for 30 min or 60 min MVPA, on the basis of the original life. After 12 weeks, the physical activity of CRF.2 significantly decreased the body fat of female students, and showed a dose-effect relationship. Only 5 times a week on the basis of the original life, 60 min MVPA per week exercise had a certain improvement effect.
【作者单位】：北京体育大学运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室;北京体育大学康复系;成都体育学院期刊部;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAK21B02) 中国健康促进基金会项目(CHPF2014-FITEX)
【分类号】：G804.49

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