备战里约奥运会国家女子铅球集训队推铅球技术的运动学与动力学研究
发布时间：2019-02-08 18:51
【摘要】：本文以我国备战和参加2016年里约奥运会优秀女子铅球集训队队员的投掷技术为研究对象,其中部分集训队员达到了里约奥运会的A标,并参加了里约奥运会的及格赛,特别是巩立姣在2015年北京田径世锦赛铅球项目决赛中取得了20.30m的好成绩。本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、生物力学测试法、生物力学解析法等研究方法,对我国备战里约奥运会女子铅球集训队员推铅球技术动作主要肌肉的用力特征和技术表现进行了研究,旨在通过对集训队员推铅球技术的分析和诊断,找出集训队员各自技术特点及存在问题的主要原因,用于指导备战期的训练实践,为集训队员在2016年里约奥运会上取得好成绩提供技术上的支持,主要研究结论如下:1滑步阶段集训队员下肢右侧三个主要关节的最大速度依次为:右踝右膝右髋,这一规律符合滑步阶段“短、平、快”的原则;郭甜茜滑步阶段滑步距离较短;巩立姣应在现有的基础与专项意识上适当增加滑步距离。2巩立姣滑步阶段具有用时较长,滑步距离短,摆蹬技术比较流畅的技术特点;卞卡滑步阶段上体抬起较早,右髋发力过早,最后用力效果不理想;高阳和郭甜茜超越器械姿势形成不充分,导致滑步阶段所获得的速度在最后用力阶段有一定幅度的下降;滑步阶段躯干前倾角度的大小与身体重心速度的变化呈正相关关系。3过渡阶段由单支撑转为双支撑的过程中,卞卡对铅球的加速情况相对较好,但滑步阶段结束进入过渡阶段时,卞卡向投掷方向转体过早;高阳和郭甜茜2名集训队员从右脚着地到左脚着地瞬间铅球速度没升反而下降了,导致滑步阶段获得的铅球速度未得到充分利用。4最后用力阶段巩立姣的出手速度较为理想,但4名集训队员出手速度与我国前优秀女子铅球运动员李梅素、黄志红相比还存在一定的差距,出手角度也仍需改善,但出手角度并不是越大越好。5肌力测试结果表明,4名集训队员中成绩最好的巩立姣,膝关节屈、伸时力量并不是最大的;膝关节做等速屈膝与伸膝时,卞卡、高阳、郭甜茜相比于巩立姣膝关节屈与伸力量不弱,这也从侧面反映出了3位集训队员推铅球技术动作存在的不足之处;我国女子铅球集训队想在里约奥运会上取得理想成绩,教练团队就应在集训队员技术稳定的前提下,增加4名集训队员膝关节屈伸动作的力量,为集训队员更好的形成投掷前的侧弓形与反弓形用力姿势提供有力支撑,以达到尽可能弥补与国外现役优秀女子铅球运动员身体素质差距的目的。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the throwing techniques of the elite women's shot put team members in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, some of whom have reached the A-mark of the Rio Olympic Games, and have participated in the passing competition of the Rio Olympic Games. In particular, Gong Lijiao achieved a good result of 20.30 m in the final of shot put of Beijing World Athletics Championships in 2015. This paper uses the methods of literature, expert interview, biomechanical testing, biomechanical analysis, and so on. This paper studies the exertion characteristics and technical performance of the main muscles of the women's shot put training team members in the preparation for the Rio Olympic Games in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and diagnose the shot putting technique of the women's shot put players in preparation for the Rio Olympic Games. To find out the respective technical characteristics and the main reasons of the problems, to guide the training practice during the preparation period, and to provide technical support for the team members to achieve good results in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the maximum velocity of the three main joints of the right lower extremity in the sliding stage is: right ankle, right knee, right hip, this rule accords with the principle of "short, flat and fast" in the sliding stage; Gonglijiao should increase the distance of sliding step on the existing foundation and special consciousness. The upper body was raised earlier, the right hip developed early and the final exertion effect was not ideal in the stage of Benska slide, the posture of Gaoyang and Guo Tiexi overstepping the instrument was not sufficient, which resulted in the speed obtained in the sliding stage decreased to a certain extent in the final exertion stage. There is a positive correlation between the forward angle of the trunk and the velocity of the body gravity center in the sliding stage. 3 during the transition from single support to double support, the Bian card accelerates the shot put relatively well. However, when the sliding stage ends and enters the transition stage, the Benska turns to the throwing direction prematurely; Gaoyang and Guo Tiexi, two group members, did not rise in the shot put speed from the right foot to the left foot ground, but decreased in the instant, resulting in the shot put speed obtained in the sliding step phase was not fully utilized. 4 finally, Gong Lijiao's shot speed in the final exertion phase was relatively ideal. However, there is still a certain gap between the four team members' release speed and that of former excellent Chinese female shot put players Li Meisu and Huang Zhihong. The angle of release still needs to be improved, but the angle of release is not the bigger the better. 5 the result of muscle strength test shows that, Among the 4 group members, Gong Lijiao was the best, and the strength of knee flexion and extension was not the biggest. Compared with Gong Lijiao's knee flexion and extension strength, Bianca, Gao Yang and Guo Tianxi were not weak in knee joint flexion and extension at equal speed, which also reflected the shortcomings of three team members' shot-putting technique. If the Chinese women's shot put team wants to achieve the desired results in the Rio Olympic Games, the coaching team should increase the strength of the knee joint flexion and extension of the four group members on the premise of the technical stability of the training team members. In order to make up the gap of physical quality between foreign excellent female shot put athletes and foreign excellent female shot put athletes, we can provide a strong support for the formation of side bow and anti-bow force posture before throwing for the training team members in order to make up as far as possible the gap between them and foreign excellent female shot put athletes in active service.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.1
本文编号：2418680
[Abstract]:This paper studies the throwing techniques of the elite women's shot put team members in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, some of whom have reached the A-mark of the Rio Olympic Games, and have participated in the passing competition of the Rio Olympic Games. In particular, Gong Lijiao achieved a good result of 20.30 m in the final of shot put of Beijing World Athletics Championships in 2015. This paper uses the methods of literature, expert interview, biomechanical testing, biomechanical analysis, and so on. This paper studies the exertion characteristics and technical performance of the main muscles of the women's shot put training team members in the preparation for the Rio Olympic Games in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and diagnose the shot putting technique of the women's shot put players in preparation for the Rio Olympic Games. To find out the respective technical characteristics and the main reasons of the problems, to guide the training practice during the preparation period, and to provide technical support for the team members to achieve good results in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the maximum velocity of the three main joints of the right lower extremity in the sliding stage is: right ankle, right knee, right hip, this rule accords with the principle of "short, flat and fast" in the sliding stage; Gonglijiao should increase the distance of sliding step on the existing foundation and special consciousness. The upper body was raised earlier, the right hip developed early and the final exertion effect was not ideal in the stage of Benska slide, the posture of Gaoyang and Guo Tiexi overstepping the instrument was not sufficient, which resulted in the speed obtained in the sliding stage decreased to a certain extent in the final exertion stage. There is a positive correlation between the forward angle of the trunk and the velocity of the body gravity center in the sliding stage. 3 during the transition from single support to double support, the Bian card accelerates the shot put relatively well. However, when the sliding stage ends and enters the transition stage, the Benska turns to the throwing direction prematurely; Gaoyang and Guo Tiexi, two group members, did not rise in the shot put speed from the right foot to the left foot ground, but decreased in the instant, resulting in the shot put speed obtained in the sliding step phase was not fully utilized. 4 finally, Gong Lijiao's shot speed in the final exertion phase was relatively ideal. However, there is still a certain gap between the four team members' release speed and that of former excellent Chinese female shot put players Li Meisu and Huang Zhihong. The angle of release still needs to be improved, but the angle of release is not the bigger the better. 5 the result of muscle strength test shows that, Among the 4 group members, Gong Lijiao was the best, and the strength of knee flexion and extension was not the biggest. Compared with Gong Lijiao's knee flexion and extension strength, Bianca, Gao Yang and Guo Tianxi were not weak in knee joint flexion and extension at equal speed, which also reflected the shortcomings of three team members' shot-putting technique. If the Chinese women's shot put team wants to achieve the desired results in the Rio Olympic Games, the coaching team should increase the strength of the knee joint flexion and extension of the four group members on the premise of the technical stability of the training team members. In order to make up the gap of physical quality between foreign excellent female shot put athletes and foreign excellent female shot put athletes, we can provide a strong support for the formation of side bow and anti-bow force posture before throwing for the training team members in order to make up as far as possible the gap between them and foreign excellent female shot put athletes in active service.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.1
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