辽宁省大学生课余体育锻炼行为阶段性特征及影响因素研究

发布时间：2019-02-12 17:41

【摘要】：大学体育教育是学校体育教育中的重要阶段,肩负着对学生体质的健康发展与巩固的重要任务,对学生今后能够走向社会、提高自身的体育素养有着长远的指导意义。因体育自身的本质功能,体育锻炼被作为提高身体素质和发展机能的重要方式。了解当前在校大学生课余体育锻炼的状态,探究不同行为阶段变化特征及其影响因素,为进一步提高高校体育事业发展和学校体育教育提供理论和实践指导。本研究以阶段性行为改变模式理论为理论基础,以辽宁省在校本科大学生为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法对辽宁省8所本科在校学生进行课余体育锻炼行为阶段特征研究(包括总体特征、性别、年级、学校类别等),并通过引用江铁峰编写的《我国大学生体育锻炼行为变化阶段(连续性测量)量表》和尹博编写的《大学生体育锻炼行为自我效能量表》对大学生的行为阶段的分布进行划分,分析不同行为阶段个体的特征,并进一步揭示出高校学校体育中存在的问题,从而能够提出解决问题的相关建议。(1)本研究对辽宁省大学生课余体育锻炼行为总体情况进行分析得出:现阶段大学生的课余放松方式多集中在互联网络的使用上;体育认知程度较高,但是部分学生的坚持性较差;锻炼项目、动机、组织形式上男女生略有不同;总体体育消费水平不高。(2)通过对辽宁省在校本科大学生课余体育锻炼行为的研究与分析得出:大学生在体育锻炼行为分布上总体分布情况呈现出两头低、中间高的“钟型”分布形态,处于准备阶段的人数分布最多,前意识阶段和维持阶段人数相对较少。(3)研究以阶段性行为改变模式理论为基础,运用锻炼心理学及行为学的相关理论,分析个体从事锻炼行为在不同阶段的分布状态:不同性别、年级大学生在行为阶段分布上存在显著差异。在学校类别间比较中不存在显著差异。自我效能在不同的阶段呈现出不同的效果,自我效能呈线性提高,尤其在行动阶段、维持阶段得分较高。(4)通过对影响因素进行主成分分析,得出了学校、个体、家庭、社会四大主要因素对行为阶段分布有着重要影响和作用;在影响因素排序中学校和个体因素影响较大;不同阶段在各个变量间的差异主要集中体现在学校、个体和家庭因素中。
[Abstract]:College physical education is an important stage in school physical education, which shoulders the important task of healthy development and consolidation of students' physique, and has long-term guiding significance for students to be able to go to the society and improve their own sports accomplishment in the future. Because of the essential function of physical education, physical exercise is regarded as an important way to improve physical quality and develop function. In order to provide theoretical and practical guidance for further improving the development of physical education in colleges and universities, it is necessary to understand the current state of after-school physical exercise of college students, explore the changing characteristics of different behavior stages and its influencing factors. This study is based on the theory of phased behavior change model, taking the undergraduate students in Liaoning Province as the research object, using the method of literature and questionnaire. Interviews and mathematical statistics were used to study the behavioral characteristics of 8 undergraduate students in Liaoning province during their extracurricular physical exercise (including general characteristics, gender, grade, school category, etc.). The distribution of the behavioral stages of college students was divided by quoting Jiang Tiefeng's questionnaire on the changing stage of College students' physical exercise behavior (continuity Measurement) and Yin Bo's' Self-efficacy scale of College students' physical exercise behavior. This paper analyzes the characteristics of individuals in different behavioral stages, and further reveals the problems existing in college physical education. In order to put forward the relevant suggestions to solve the problem. (1) this study analyzes the overall situation of after-school physical exercise behavior of college students in Liaoning Province and draws the following conclusions: at this stage, the mode of after-school relaxation of college students is mostly focused on the use of the Internet; The degree of sports cognition is higher, but some students' persistence is poor, the exercise items, motivation, organization form of male and female students are slightly different; The overall level of sports consumption is not high. (2) through the research and analysis of the after-school physical exercise behavior of undergraduate students in Liaoning Province, it is concluded that the overall distribution of physical exercise behavior of college students is two ends low. The number of people in the preparatory stage is the most, and the number of people in the pre-consciousness stage and the maintenance stage is relatively small. (3) the study is based on the theory of phased behavior change model. Based on the relevant theories of exercise psychology and behavioral science, this paper analyzes the distribution of individual exercise behavior in different stages: there are significant differences in the distribution of behavior stages between different genders and grade students. There was no significant difference between school categories. Self-efficacy shows different effects in different stages, and self-efficacy increases linearly, especially in action stage. (4) by principal component analysis of influencing factors, school, individual and family are obtained. The four main factors of society have important influence and function on the distribution of behavior stage. In the ranking of influencing factors, school and individual factors have great influence, and the differences in different stages are mainly reflected in school, individual and family factors.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G807.4

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